Seal

Question 1

The fundamental part of the trap, which prevents the petroleum from migrating onward through the rock—as a bucket without holes. The bucket is full of porous rock, with the pores in the rock full of fluid, both water (generally bound to the rock surface) and petroleum.

Answer 1

Seal

Question 2

What are the lithologic attributes of seal?

Answer 2

Small pore sizes
High ductility
Large thickness
Wide lateral extent

Question 3

What are the five (5) types of seal?

Answer 3

Membrane Seal
Hydraulic Seal
Faults
Trap fill
Pressure seal

Question 4

Capillary pressure is simply the difference between the pressure in the wetting phase (normally water) and that in the non-wetting phase (normally hydrocarbon).

Answer 4

Membrane Seal

Question 5

Seals in which petroleum can escape only by creating fractures.

Answer 5

Hydraulic Seal

Question 6

Can act as both conduits (migration pathways) and seals, depending on the hydraulic conditions, the rock properties of the faults, and the properties of the rocks juxtaposed across the fault.

Answer 6

Faults

Question 7

If there is an effective seal that prevents petroleum loss, petroleum traps can be filled to capacity.

Answer 7

Trap Fill

Question 8

Seals relate to the trapping of petroleum, and may result in no-flow conditions for the petroleum over geologic time

Answer 8

Pressure Seal

Question 9

A process (or processes) whereby petroleum moves from its place of origin, the source rock, to its destruction at the Earth’s surface.

Answer 9

Migration

Question 10

What are the three (3) types of migration?

Answer 10

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Question 11

Movement out of the fine-grained source into a more permeable conduit.

Answer 11

Primary

Question 12

Movement from a permeable unit into
the reservoir.

Answer 12

Secondary

Question 13

Includes leakage, seepage, dissipation, and alteration of petroleum as it reaches the Earth’s surface.

Answer 13

Tertiary