Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Sound, Light, Reflections And Refraction > Flashcards

Sound, Light, Reflections And Refraction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Explain longitudinal waves

A

The particles that make up this wave move back and forth in the same direction, creating alternating compressions and rarefactions. Sound travels like this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain transverse waves

A

A transverse wave moves in a horizontal direction but the particles themselves move vertically. This means that transverse waves do not move in a straight line and instead up and down. Light travels like this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves.

A

Longitudinal wave is where the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels (straight line). Transverse waves are a wave that moves the medium perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels (up and down).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sound?

A

Sound is produced when somethings vibrates. These vibrations create alternating compressions and rarefactions that create a wave that that will then enable the sound to travel away from the source. The vibrations will then be picked up by the ear and translated into recognisable sounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the speed of sound change depending on the medium through which it travels?

A

Sounds will travel fastest through solids, followed by liquids and then gases. This is because in a solid the particles are packed more tightly together than they are in a liquid or a gas. This means that the vibrations can travel much faster, as there are more particles that can vibrate and pass on the sound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does sound travel faster in warmer air or colder air?

A

Warmer air. This is because there is a greater kinetic energy in warmer air, meaning that the particles can vibrate much faster and pass on the sound quicker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does sound go?

A

Sound can be absorbed into soft material like curtains and carpet. Echoed back at you from dense surfaces, such as a concrete wall. Or if nothing stops the sound, it will continue to travel until the energy in the sound runs out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A source that vibrates rapidly will produce a ________ pitch.

A

Higher.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A source that vibrates slower will produce a _________ pitch.

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz (Hz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the wavelength of a sound?

A

It is the distance between successive peaks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a wavelength measured in?

A

Metres (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Graphs of louder sounds have ____________ peaks.

A

Larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does a loud or soft sound have a greater amplitude.

A

Loud sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sound waves with higher frequencies produce _________ wavelengths.

A

Shorter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sounds with __________ frequencies produce longer wavelengths.

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why do high frequency sounds have a shorter wavelength?

A

Because the compressions and rarefactions in the wave are much closer together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you calculate the frequency?

A

V = f x w
OR
Number of wavelengths in a certain period of time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave?

A

The distance from the peak/trough to the line going through the middle of the wave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the period of a wave?

A

The speed at which it takes for one wavelength to pass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rearrange the list to show the path of sound from the source to the brain.
Pinna, Ossicles, Cochlea, Wave is transmitted, Ear drum vibrates, Brain, Ear canal, Object vibrates, Oval window, Auditory nerve.

A

Object vibrates, Wave is transmitted, Ear canal, Pinna, Ear drum vibrates, Ossicles, Oval window, Cochlea, Auditory nerve, Brain

22
Q

How does your ear recognise higher sounds from lower sounds?

A

Higher sounds are picked up early on in the cochlea where lower sounds later on. This information is processed to the brain and is recognised as a lower/higher sound.

23
Q

What are the names of the ossicles.

A

Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup.

24
Q

Describe the characteristics of the word ‘opaque’ in relation to light.

A

Light is either reflected from or absorbed into the substance, and no light is transmitted. No image can be seen through it. Examples are bricks and wood.

25
Q

Describe the characteristics of the word ‘translucent’ in relation to light.

A

Some light may be reflected, and light that passes through is scattered. An image seen through is fuzzy. Examples are tissue paper, fingernails and frosted glass.

26
Q

Describe the characteristics of the word ‘transparent’ in relation to light.

A

Almost all light is transmitted through the substance. A clear image can be seen through. Examples are clear glass and shallow water.

27
Q

How does your image change when you look in the mirror?

A

Your side appears as you left and vice versa. This reversal is called LATERAL INVERSION.

28
Q

What does an object look like when reflected in a plane mirror?

A

It looks as though this object is positioned inside or behind the mirror. This happens because light that has reflected from the object reaches your eyes, you brain is used to light travelling in straight lines, so it extends this light back inside the mirror to where it appears to come from. This is called a VIRTUAL IMAGE. As the object is not really there.

29
Q

What are the characteristics of a virtual image in a plane mirror?

A

Upright, Is the same size as the object, Laterally inverted (reversed sideways), Is virtual, Appears to be located as far inside the mirror as the object is in front.

30
Q

Why does light refract?

A

Because it’s travelling from one transparent substance to another.

31
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending of light.

32
Q

Why does refraction occur?

A

Light travels through different speeds through different substances. The difference in speed results in different amounts of bending.

33
Q

What is the refractive index?

A

A measure of how easily light travels through a substance. This higher the refractive index the more the light bends when it enters a substance from air.

34
Q

Name some mediums that light travels through slower than air.

A

Glass, water, diamond and perspex.

35
Q

How will light bend depending on the medium?

A

Light will bend towards the normal when entering a substance of higher refractive index, and bends away from the normal when entering a substance of lower refractive index.

36
Q

What is the ‘critical angle’ in refraction?

A

The angle from the ray of incidence to the normal at 45 degrees

37
Q

When the angle of incidence is much smaller than the critical angle (20) the the refracted ray will…… ( when the light is entering a substance of lower refractive index, such as glass into air)

A

bend away from the normal but the lines are almost parallel. The smaller the angle of incidence, the more the ray of light will be towards the normal.

38
Q

When the angle of incidence is smaller than the critical angle (35), then the ray of light will…… ( when the light is entering a substance of lower refractive index, such as glass into air)

A

bend further away from the normal. The larger the angle of incidence, the more the ray of light will bend away from the normal.

39
Q

When the angle of incidence is the same as the critical angle, the reflected ray will……. ( when the light is entering a substance of lower refractive index, such as glass into air)

A

be 90 degrees to the normal and along the line that separates the two mediums.

40
Q

When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle then……. ( when the light is entering a substance of lower refractive index, such as glass into air)

A

there is no refracted ray. The light is totally internally reflected from the line that separates the two mediums.

41
Q

With a very flattened convex lens, the focal point is…….

A

further away

42
Q

With a strong, curved convex lens, the focal point is…..

A

shorter.

43
Q

Objects placed outside the focal length of a convex lens will always produce……

A

a real, inverted image.

44
Q

Objects positioned within the focal length will always…..

A

produce a virtual, upright image.

45
Q

Convex lenses bring light……

A

together.

46
Q

Concave lenses spread….

A

out the rays of light.

47
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence will always equal the angle of reflection.

48
Q

What is the wave equation?

A

V = f x l

49
Q

What is the speed equation?

A

d = s x t

50
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

The name given to sounds above our hearing range.

51
Q

What is infrasound?

A

The name given to sounds below our hearing range.

Science (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions