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Bio-Chem Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell; where cell makes contact with the external environment

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls all cell activity and contains DNA

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3
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Makes lipids (fats), breaks down drugs and harmful substances, and packages up proteins for the Golgi apparatus

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4
Q

Ribosomes

A

Build proteins

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5
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Make and transports proteins and other materials out of the cell

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6
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

Breaks down food molecules to make energy

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contains all the organelles and provides the space for cell functions to occur

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores water and other materials

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10
Q

What is the name of the horizontal rows of a periodic table?

A

Periods

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11
Q

What is the name of the vertical rows on a periodic table?

A

Groups

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12
Q

What does the group number of an element represent?

A

The number of electrons in the outer shell

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13
Q

What does the period number of an element show?

A

It is the same number of the number of shells the element has

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14
Q

What type of elements are in groups 1 and 2?

A

Alkali metals and alkaline earths

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15
Q

What type of elements are in group 17?

A

Halogens

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16
Q

What type of elements are in group 18?

A

Noble gases

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17
Q

What group of elements do not bond?

A

Group 18 - noble gases

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18
Q

What types of bonding are there?

A

Metallic, Ionic and Covalent

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19
Q

What is an ion?

A

Atoms that have become charged as they’ve lost or gained electrons. They are no longer in their stable state (equal number or protons and electrons).

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20
Q

What is positively charged ion?

A

More protons than electrons (+)

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21
Q

What are negatively charged ions?

A

When there are more electrons than protons (-)

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22
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

Bonding between two metals where electrons are given/taken.

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23
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Bonding between non-metallic and metallic elements, where non-metallic atoms have a strong hold on their electrons and tend to take electrons from nearby metallic atoms.

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24
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Bonding between non-metallic atoms where electrons are shared

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25
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

During a chemical reaction, no atoms can be created or destroyed.

26
Q

What are types of chemical reactions?

A

Decomposition, combination, precipitation, oxidation/reduction, double/single replacement reaction.

27
Q

Explain a precipitation reaction

A

xy->x+y

When a single reactant breaks apart into multiple products, one of them a solid.

28
Q

Explain combination reactions

A

x+y->xy

When two reactants form a single product

29
Q

Explain an oxidation reaction

A

When a substance combines with oxygen during a chemical reaction

30
Q

Explain a reduction reaction (redox)

A

When a substance loses oxygen during a chemical reaction

31
Q

Explain a single displacement reaction

A

an element reacts with a compound and takes the place of another element in that compound. a+bc=b+ac

32
Q

Explain a double displacement reaction

A

a type of chemical reaction where two compounds react, and the positive ions (cation) and the negative ions (anion) of the two reactants switch places, forming two new compounds or products. ab+cd=cb+ad

33
Q

Explain how the activity series works

A

If the first substance in the equation is higher on the activity series than the second substance, then a displacement reaction will take place.

34
Q

Molecular mass (moles)

A

A number equal to the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule. Atomic mass = 1 mole in grams.
1 mole of Na=22.99grams.
1 mole of K=39.10 grams

35
Q

What is Avogadro’s number and when do you use it?

A

Avogadro’s number tells us how many particles of a substance are in a mole. The number is 6.02x10^23

36
Q

How does conductivity change for different molecules and elements

A

Metals (on the left side of the periodic table) conduct the best and the efficiency of conductivity changes as you go further to the right on the periodic table.

37
Q

How do you calculate cell size?

A

Magnified size= 2.5cm=25mm (as measured on picture)
Magnification=400x
Actual size=25/400=0.625mm
Convert to micrometers(1mm=1000 micrometres) =625micrometres

38
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

The cell is the smallest living organisational unit, all organisms consist of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

39
Q

Describe the animal kingdom

A

Multi-cellular, heterotrophic, mobile, basic organ systems, specialised tissue, mostly reproduce sexually

40
Q

Describe the plant kingdom

A

Not mobile (no fast movement), autotrophic, multi-cellular, specialised tissue, cell walls of cellulose, both asexual and sexual reproduction

41
Q

What is osmosis?

A

It’s a type of passive transport, is which water moves from high to low concentration.

42
Q

What is diffusion?

A

A type of passive transport, in which any molecule moves from high to low concentration.

43
Q

What is passive transport?

A

When molecules that are in a high concentration area (crowded area) move to a lower concentration area (less crowded area) without any extra energy required.

44
Q

What is an example of diffusion?

A

Breathing in air with a high concentration of oxygen in it, as the blood has a lower concentration of oxygen – the oxygen will simply diffuse into blood cells.

45
Q

What is an example of osmosis?

A

When the blood fluid has a higher concentration of water than your cells, then osmosis will occur and water will flow into those cells.

46
Q

What is the hierarchy/organisation of life?

A

KPCOFGS (kind people can often find great success)

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

47
Q

List the characteristics of living things

A

Demonstrate adaptation (ability to grow), ability to reproduce, take in energy (food), excrete matter and energy, made of cells, respire (breathe), respond to stimuli.

48
Q

What are viruses?

A

Non-cellular and contain no cytoplasm, organelles or chromosomes, just RNA or DNA strands. They depend on cells for reproduction.

49
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Cells that have DNA in their nucleus and are membrane bound organelles.

50
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

From kingdom monera (bacteria), small, cytoplasm contains scattered ribosomes and they lack membrane bound organelles.

51
Q

List the kingdoms of classification

A

Animal kingdom, plant kingdom, fungi kingdom, protoctista kingdom and kingdom monera.

52
Q

Define ecosystem

A

A way to describe the way groups of organisms are predictably found together in their physical environment.

53
Q

What is an ecosystem made of?

A

Abiotic/biotic factors, consumers and producers, energy and matter transfer

54
Q

What is a community?

A

Comprises all the organisms within an ecosystem.

55
Q

What are abiotic features of an ecosystem?

A

Soil, atmosphere and water.

56
Q

Define abiotic

A

Non-living object, part of the physical environment.

57
Q

What are biotic features of an ecosystem?

A

Producers, consumers, detritivores and decomposers.

58
Q

Define biotic

A

Living beings, the community.

59
Q

Describe an animal cell

A

Multicellular organism
Has nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Lack cell walls
Heterotrophic

60
Q

Describe a plant cell

A

Multicellular
Has nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Autotrophic
Cell walls of cellulose

Science (2 decks)

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