soul and mind

Question 1

plato on the soul

Answer 1

dualist- believes mind and body are separate (souls immortal and bodys are not)

believes souls are eternal and bodys are vessels

Question 2

platos metephor on the soul

Answer 2

a chariot

reason(man) guides apetite and emotion(horses)

Question 3

Aristotle on the soul

Answer 3

believed the soul was inseparable from the body and the soul gives the body its “essence”

the soul distinguishes the dead and living

Question 4

the analogy about Aristotle on the soul

Answer 4

if an axe had a soul its capacity would be to chop

a toy axe isnt the real thing, it doesnt have its sould so it cant chop

Question 5

descartes’

Answer 5

sceptism- he questioned and doubted everything

one thing that he knew was true was that he was thinking sceptically
= he thinks so he exists
“i think therefore i am”
(mind we cant doubt but the body we can)

Question 6

property dualism

Answer 6

the belief there is 1 kind of material: physical substance

though there is 2 properties
1) physical and mental properties

brains physical property is its size and mass, its mental property is emotion and opinions etc

Question 7

emergent materialism (a type of property dualism)

Answer 7

when physical things become more complex with new properties

eg. the mind has its own existence but its not completely separate from the physical

Question 8

gilbert ryle

Answer 8

he has a metaphor “ghost in the machine”
believes descartes theory of the soul and mind being different, like a machine being operated by a ghost
(soul and mind isnt an addition but describes a function)

Question 9

richard dawkins materialistic views

Answer 9

believe everything is physical and the conscience ends after death

we are just “survival machines”

his analogy means we aren’t immortal souls and we’re just mixture of chemicals

Question 10

keith ward and defending the soul

Answer 10

if we didnt have a soul then we would choose to be immortal but the soul recognises gods moral gift