ancient philosophical influences: plato and aristotle

Question 1

what is aetion?

Answer 1

a reason/cause for something

Question 2

rationalist?

Answer 2

someone who thinks the primary source of knowledge is reason

Question 3

empiricist?

Answer 3

someone who thinks the primary source of knowledge is gained through the 5 senses

Question 4

forms?

Answer 4

a name plato gave idea concepts (the form of good)

Question 5

prime mover?

Answer 5

aristotles concept of a cause of movement and change in the universe

Question 6

theist

Answer 6

someone who believes in god/gods

Question 7

telos

Answer 7

the end, purpose of something

Question 8

dualism

Answer 8

reality can be split into 2 parts (eg. good and evil, physical and non-physical)

Question 9

plato and the theory of forms

Answer 9

physical wold is always changing so it cant be where true knowledge is kept, there is the form of the good (eternal place)

Question 10

the form of the good

Answer 10

a place eternal, not changing its just pure true knowledge

Question 11

platos demiurge

Answer 11

world was created by a craftsman (god) who desires the best for humanity but is limited due to the world being material

Question 12

analogy of cave explained

Answer 12

prisoners live in a cave, its all they know. us as readers know that there is a great world around them but how would they know if they dont explore

Question 13

analogy of cave moral of story

Answer 13

if we dont question like philosophers how will we know whats real and fake, true and existing

Question 14

aristotles beliefs

Answer 14

opposite to plato and that we can gain true knowledge through our experience in the material world

Question 15

Aristotle’s understanding of reality

Answer 15

he questioned the cause of everything and believed there’s different levels for somethings existence (eg a chair is caused by woods and glue, prime mover- carpenter- allows this to full fill its potential)

Question 16

the 4 causes?

Answer 16

material, formal, efficient, final cause

Question 17

material cause

Answer 17

where u see what something is made from

Question 18

formal cause

Answer 18

somethings form and shape so u can identify it (a rat is recognisable due to its tail)

Question 19

efficient cause?

Answer 19

the activity that makes something/caused change (wood has potential to be desk but a carpenter has to realised the potential and do the activities)

Question 20

death of socrates painting

Answer 20

in a prison where socrates was dying but still teaching his students to question everything (which also led him to prison)

Question 21

school of athens painting

Answer 21

shows great scientists and philosophers sharing ideas and learning

Question 22

plato and Aristotle in the school of athens painting

Answer 22

plato had his finger pointing up= shows his idea of the form of good

Aristotle’s book is flat= represents earth (a place where true knowledge can be found)