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Question 1

USA

Answer 1

1787-Acceptance of Separation of Powers
•The legislature cannot exercise executive or judicial power and the executive can’t exercise the other two powers similarly the judiciary cannot exercise the other two powers.
distributive articles

Question 2

distributive articles

Answer 2

first three articles of the US constitution called the distributive articles which define the structure and powers of the congress

Question 3

Article 1; Section 1 of the US Constitution

Answer 3

vests all the legislative power in the Congress,

Question 4

Article 2; Section 1 of the US Constitution

Answer 4

vest all the executive power in the President and,

Question 5

Article 3; Section 1 of the US Constitution

Answer 5

vest all the Judicial power in the Supreme Court.

Question 6

checks and balances

Answer 6

prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. It also ensures that each branch has a check on the power of the others.

Congress can impeach the President, the President can veto laws passed by Congress, and the Supreme Court can strike down laws that it finds to be unconstitutional.

Question 7

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer

Answer 7

USA involved in Korean war
•President order secretary sawyer to order supply of steel for national defense or seize the private property.

Truman claimed that his actions were justified by his powers as Commander in Chief

President’s authority as Commander in Chief did not give him the power to seize private property without explicit congressional authorization.

President’s powers are not absolute and are subject to the Constitution and laws.

Question 8

Nixon v. United States

Answer 8

House of Representatives had impeached federal judge Nixon, and the Senate held a trial to determine whether to remove him from office.
•Nixon challenged the Senate’s authority to try him, arguing that the Constitution’s “good behavior” requirement for federal judges meant that only another judge could try him.

Court held that the Senate’s authority to try impeachments was a political question and not subject to judicial review.

reaffirmed the separation of powers by confirming the Senate’s role in the impeachment process.

Question 9

Myers v. United States,1926

Answer 9

President Woodrow Wilson removed Frank Myers, a postmaster first class, without seeking Senate approval. Myers sued, arguing that the President’s removal power was limited by a 1876 law that required the President to obtain Senate consent before removing postmasters.

the President’s power to remove executive branch officials is a “necessary concomitant of the executive power vested in him by the Constitution.”

decision gives the President broad power to remove executive branch officials, which can limit Congress’s ability to influence the executive branch

Question 10

Seila Law v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Answer 10

Seila Law, a law firm that provides debt-relief services, was investigated by the CFPB. Seila Law refused to comply with a civil investigative demand issued by the CFPB, arguing that the CFPB’s structure violated the separation of powers.

Supreme Court ruled in favor of Seila Law in a 5-4 decision that the CFPB’s structure gives the Director too much power and insulates the Director from presidential control.

Question 11

UK

Answer 11

E- monarch
L- House of commons, House of lords
J- Courts

Question 12

UK E

Answer 12

The Monarch: The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, which means that the monarch (Prince Charles) is the head of state.
•Nominal and Symbolic head.
•The Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the head of government and is usually the leader of the political party that has the most seats in the House of Commons

Question 13

UK- L

Answer 13

House of Commons: Members of Parliament (MPs) are elected to the House of Commons by the public in general elections. The House of Commons plays a central role in making and passing laws, scrutinizing government actions, and representing the interests of the public.
•House of Lords: The House of Lords is made up of appointed and hereditary members, including life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers. It acts as a revising chamber, reviewing and suggesting amendments to legislation proposed by the House of Commons.

Question 14

UK - J

Answer 14

Constitutional Reform Act,2005
•Lord Chancellor to Lord Chief justice
•Ministry of justice-Judicial commission

Question 15

Constitutional Reform Act,2005

Answer 15

separate Supreme Court and the Lord Chief Justice replaced the Lord Chancellor as head of the Judiciary in England and Wales. It also placed a statutory duty on Ministers to uphold judicial independence

Question 16

McGonnell v United Kingdom

Answer 16

the Lord Chancellor would never sit in any case concerning legislation in the passage of which he had been directly involved nor in any case where the interests of the executive were directly engaged

Question 17

UK
•Judicial appointments-

Answer 17

Constitutional reforms act,2005 established an independent Judicial Appointments Commission for England and Wales. Judges are represented on the Commission, but do not hold a majority and the Commission has to have a lay Chair.

Question 18

•UK
•Supreme Court-

Answer 18

Until 2009, the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (the Law Lords) sat in the legislature as well as acting as the highest appeal court in the UK. However, the Constitutional Reform Act created a separate Supreme Court, separating out the judicial role from the upper House