sonography of OB/GYN Flashcards
gynecology 1 and 2
the uterus and ovaries are in the
pelvic compartments
The pelvic girdle consists of the _____pelvis and ____pelvis
true/minor false/major
an imaginary line drawn from the surface of the pubic symphysis anteriorly to the sacral promontory posteriorly
Linea terminalis
a ___ pelvis is located at the superior aspect of the pelvic cavity
major false
a ___ pelvis is located at the inferior aspect of the pelvic cavity
minor true
the vagina uterus and fallopian tubes develop at the same time as the _____
kidneys
the kidneys _______ and the ovaries _______
ascend and descend
the uterus is formed by the fusion of _____
Mullerian ducts
there are three types of uterus
infantile, menopausal, adult (nulliparous)
another word for uterine tubes is
fallopian tubes
the fallopian tubes consist of the
interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, and fimbria
the ampulla is used for
fertilization
sheetlike structure on each side of the uterus
broad ligament
contains the uterine artery and vein, and attaches the cervix to the lateral pelvic wall
cardinal ligament (ligament of mackenrodt)
originate at uterine horns.
provide the normal anteversion of the uterus.
source of pain during pregnancy as uterus grows.
round ligament
attached to uterus by ovarian ligaments, attached to lateral pelvic wall by suspensory ligaments,
produce 100,00 eggs or ova
ovaries
lie medial and anterior to the internal iliac artery and vein
ovaries
ovaries should not exceed
4cm
the pelvic muscles are
levator ani
obturator internus
iliopsoas
coccygeus
piriformis
(pubococcygeous and iliococcygeous)
hammock-like
form floor of pelvis
levator ani muscles
mark lateral pelvic sidewalls
obturator internus muscles
continuation of the abdominal psoas muscles
iliopsoas muscles
posterior to levator ani muscles
coccygeous muscles
most posterior muscle mistaken for the ovaries
piriformis muscles
uterovesical space
anterior cul de sac
rectouterine space
posterior cul de sac pouch of douglas
spaces all around the cervix
fornix
between anterior bladder and pubic bone
space of retzius
a girls first menstrual period (12-15) is called
menarche
a period occurs every
28 days
a period is regulated by the
hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries
what does the hypothalamus do
regulates pituitary function
what does the pituitary gland release
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
what does the ovary secrete
estrogen and progesterone
follicles secrete ______.
estrogen
the follicles that produce estrogen are getting ready for what
implantation so they will mature the endometrium
1-14 days of cycle
follicular phase of ovarian cycle (proliferative phase)
each follice contains a _____ that is surrounded by ________
egg/oocyte, cumulus oophorus
when only one egg reaches maturity and ruptures it is called
dominant follicle or follicle of Graaf
what does luteinizing hormone do
induces ovulation
luteal phase of ovarian cycle
14 days after LMP
mittelschmerz
What is ovulation?
the expelling of the ovum or egg
cavity left is called corpus luteum
produces progesterone
what does progesterone promote?
proliferation of the endometrium
secretory phase 15-28
preparation to receive conceptus (blastocytes)
What happens during absence of fertilization?
corpus luteum regresses
disintegration of endometrial lining
sloughing/menstrual phase 1-5
____ endometrium. occurs in woman taking the drug ____ to treat breast cancer.
tamoxifen, tamoxifen
normal position of the uterus full bladder
anteverted
bends anteriorly at the cervix
anteflexed
tilted posteriorly
retroverted
bends posteriorly at cervix
retroflexed
painful menstruation
dysmenorrhea
painful intercourse
dyspareunia
muscles and ligaments of uterus are ineffective uterus descends along the axis of vagina
uterine prolapse
what is used to help uterine prolapse
pessary devices
anomalies that are present at birth are called
congenital pelvic anomalies
mesonephric duct
wolffian -male
paramesonephric duct
mullerian female
absence of uterus above the vagina
uterine agenesis
misplaced ovaries which are rare are called
ectopic ovaries
ectopic ovaries are classified _____ adjacent to or ______ away from
accessory, supernumerary
small, pear-shaped uterus that has to do with infertility
infantile uterus
infantile uterus is associated with
turner syndrome
most common malformation is called
bicornuate uterus
malformations in the fusion of Mullerian ducts are called
uterine duplications
the main cause of uterine duplications was the use of the drug_____
Diethylstilbestrol
absence of a menstral period is called
amenorrhea
hematocolpos
blood in vagina
hematometra
blood in uterus
hematometracolpos
blood in uterus and vagina
hematosalpinx
blood in salpinge
uterine growths, IUD, infections of pelvic organs leads to
AUB abnormal uterine bleeding
abnormal bleeding found in the absence of demonstrable structural or organic pathology is called
dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period at
regular intervals
menorrhagia
uterine bleeding at irregular intervals (between periods) /
“spotting”
- metrorrhagia
most common, located in the cervix
* due to obstructed mucosal glands
nabothian cysts
located along the antiliteral walls of the vagina
Gartner duct cysts
cyst located between endometrium and myometrium
myometrial cyst
benign masses smooth muscle tumors influenced by estrogen AA population
uterine leiomyomas
the location of fibroids can be
intramural or submucosal
associated with uterine bleeding heavy menstral flow and mild cramps difficult to differentiate from submucosal fibroids
endometrial polyps
what procedure can be used to look at and detect endometrial polyps better
saline infusion sonohysterogram
