Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Female Pelvis > Sonographic Evaluation of the Female Pelvis Ch 42 > Flashcards

Sonographic Evaluation of the Female Pelvis Ch 42 Flashcards

1
Q

Patient Prep & History

A
  • Date of LMP
  • Gravidity & Parity
  • Symptoms
  • Family History
  • Past Surgeries/Biopsies
  • Lab Tests
  • Hormone Regimen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Transabdominal

A

transducer placed at lower abdomen/pelvic area, full bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transvaginal

A

an internal pelvic
exam, empty bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

documentation uterine shape, size, orientation

A
  • Length measured in long axis
    from fundus to cervix
  • AP depth in long axis from
    anterior to posterior walls
    (perpendicular to length)
  • Width measured from transverse
    approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

documentation endometrium

A

Thickness of endo measured, analyze echogenicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

documentation cervix

A

Diameter measured with pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

documentation myometrium (fibroids, irregularities)

A

Evaluated for contour changes,
echogenicity, masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adnexa- Ovaries & Fallopian
Tubes

A
  • Evaluate ovaries- size & shape
  • Position relative to uterus (Left?
    Right?)
  • Fallopian tubes not always seen
    sonographically, document if seen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cul-De-Sac

A
  • Evaluate for free fluid or mass
  • Differentiate normal bowel loops from
    mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If a mass is detected anywhere in

A

pelvis, document size, location, echogenicity related to uterus and ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Evaluation of a Mass

A
  • Location- intrauterine or extrauterine
  • Size- length, AP, width
  • External Contour- smooth or irregular borders? well-defined margins or ill-defined?
  • Internal Consistency- cystic, complex, solid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Transabdominal Scanning Protocol Sagittal plane:

A
  • cervix, endocervical canal
  • posterior cul-de-sac
  • uterus (midline, right, and left)
  • endometrium
  • right ovary and adnexa
  • left ovary and adnexa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transvaginal Scanning Protocol Sagittal: Uterus

A
  • Image from cervix to fundus, endometrial cavity: measure long axis
  • Angle slowly to right of uterus
  • Angle slowly to left of uterus
  • Pull probe out slightly to image cervix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transabdominal Scanning Protocol Transverse plane:

A
  • vagina, cervix and posterior cul-de-sac
  • uterine corpus/body and endometrium
  • uterine fundus and endometrium
  • right ovary and adnexa
  • left ovary and adnexa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transvaginal Scanning Protocol Coronal: Uterus

A
  • Rotate transducer 90 degrees; image
    uterine fundus, body, and cervix with
    endometrial canal
  • Look for free fluid surrounding
    uterine cavity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inner layer of uterus is

A

endometrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Endo layer is

A

thin, compact,
relatively hypovascular.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thin outer layer separated from

A

intermediate layer by arcuate
vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal arcuate vessels often seen
in

A

periphery of uterus and should not be mistaken for pathology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Radial arteries arise as multiple
branches from

A

arcuate arteries and travel centrally to supply rich capillary network in deeper layers of
myometrium and endometrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ovaries are

A

mobile and can move considerably
in pelvis, depending on bladder volume
and whether woman has had previous
pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Uterine location influences

A

position of ovaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ovaries are in shape

A

elliptical, with long axis usually oriented vertically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Transvaginal scanning is superior for

A

characterizing texture of ovary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ovary is located just

A

lateral to uterus and
anteromedial to internal iliac vessel,
which can be used as landmark to
localize the ovary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Transvaginally, the ovaries are easiest to
locate in

A

transverse plane lateral to the
cornua.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Not uncommon to find ovaries located

A

above uterus or posterior in rectouterine
cul-de-sac area

28
Q

ovary appearance changes with

A

age and menstrual cycle

29
Q

ovaries are measured in

A

sagittal or longitudinal plane at longest length and anteroposterior dimension

30
Q

ovaries in transverse or coronal scans,

A

width is measured at widest point.

31
Q

Volume of ovary calculated using formula for prolate ellipse:

A

0.523 = length× thickness × width

32
Q

uterus body separated from

A

cervix by isthmus at level of internal os and identified by narrowing of canal.

33
Q

Uterus is usually

A

anteverted and anteflexed.

34
Q

Uterus may also be

A

retroflexed when body tilted posteriorly or retroverted when entire uterus tilted backward.

35
Q

Cervical canal extends from

A

internal os, where it joins uterine cavity, to external os, which projects into vaginal vault.

36
Q

imaging the cervix the transducer inserted into

A

vagina with patient supine, knees gently flexed, hips elevated on pillow.

37
Q

After uterine cavity examined,

A

probe should be slowly pulled back slightly to
image internal and external cervical os.

38
Q

imaging the cervix in sagittal view,

A

handle of transducer slowly moved upward and/or back to better
image cervix.

39
Q

imaging the cervix with gentle rotation and angulation of

A

transducer, coronal images also obtained.

40
Q

cervix can frequently visualize

A

cervical inclusion cysts (nabothian cysts) near
endocervical canal.

41
Q

These cysts are generally

A

<1–2 cm wide; are anechoic smooth-walled
structures with acoustic enhancement posteriorly.

42
Q

Of no clinical significance and generally not

A

measured.

43
Q

Sonographic appearance of

A

endometrial canal seen as thin
echogenic line

44
Q

endometrium consists of

A

superficial functional layer
and deep basal layer

45
Q

During menstruation (days 1 to 4),
endometrial canal appears as

A

hypoechoic central line representing
blood and tissue and reaching 4 to 8
mm, including basal layer.

46
Q

During this phase of early menses,

A

acoustic enhancement posterior to
endometrium may appear.

47
Q

As menses progress (days 3 to 7),

A

hypoechoic echo that represented
blood disappears and endometrial
stripe is discrete thin hyperechoic line,
usually only 2 to 3 mm.

48
Q

Early proliferative phase (days 5 to
9)-endometrial canal appears as

A

single thin stripe- measuring 4-8mm

49
Q

Functionalis layer seen as

A

hyperechoic halo encompassing it

50
Q

Basalis layer of endometrium represents the

A

thin surrounding
hyperechoic outermost echo.

51
Q

Later proliferative phase (days 10 to
14)- endo becomes

A

thicker- measuring
6-10mm

52
Q

Ovulation occurs toward the end of

A

proliferative phase.

53
Q

During secretory (luteal) phase (days 15 to 28), endometrium at

A

greatest thickness and echogenicity, with posterior enhancement

54
Q

Functionalis layer becomes

A

isoechoic with basalis layer.

55
Q

Endometrial complex measures 7 to 14 mm during

A

secretory phase.

56
Q

Endometrial thickness measured from

A

highly reflective interface of basalis
layer of endometrium and myometrium in sagittal view

57
Q

Rectouterine recess (posterior cul-de-sac) is most

A

posterior and inferior
reflection of peritoneal cavity.

58
Q

Located between rectum and vagina; also known as

A

pouch of Douglas

59
Q

Posterior cul-de-sac frequently initial site for

A

intraperitoneal fluid collection

60
Q

Gas and fluid-filled bowel loops are

A

poorly defined, echo-free mobile structures
that usually demonstrate peristalsis under observation.

61
Q

Solid material in bowel

A

hyperechoic and may produce shadowing, as does gas.

62
Q

Sonohysterography also known as

A

saline infused sonography (SIS) or hysterosonography.

63
Q

Sonohysterography involves .

A

instillation of sterile saline solution into endometrial cavity

64
Q

Sonohysterography is used to

A

further evaluate endometrium when it exceeds normal thickness or shows focal areas of thickening and polyps suspected.

65
Q

In premenopausal women, procedure is performed in

A

mid-menstrual cycle, usually between days 6 and 10.

66
Q

Sonohysterography will prevent

A

possibility of disrupting early pregnancy and prevent blood clots artifactually filling some of endometrial cavity

Female Pelvis (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions