Pathology of the Adnexa ch 45 Flashcards
PID is an inclusive term for all pelvic infections:
- Endometritis
- Salpingitis
- Hydrosalpinx
- Pyosalpinx
- Periovarian Inflammation
- Tubo-Ovarian Complex
- Tubo-Ovarian Abscess
PID and endometriosis are
diffuse disease processes of the female pelvic cavity.
Most commonly, PID is caused by
sexually transmitted diseases including gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Uncommonly, PID can also be caused by
ruptured appendix and peritonitis.
Sonography is of limited value during
acute PID, or early onset, when inflammatory changes have not yet begun to manifest.
In chronic PID, ultrasound can identify
dilated fallopian tubes (hydrosalpinx or pyosalpinx), an abscess, or complex intraperitoneal fluid.
PID occurs in
11% of young women during reproductive age, with peak incidence at 20 to
24 years
Risk factors of PID
- Early sexual contact
- Multiple sexual partners
- History of STI
- Previous history of PID
- Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD)
Clinically, patients may present with
intense pelvic pain and tenderness described as dull and aching, with constant vaginal discharge.
Vaginitis is the
most common initial clinical presentation of the early stages of PID.
Other symptoms include
fever, pain in right upper abdomen, painful intercourse, irregular menstrual bleeding.
Endometritis sonograph
thickening or fluid in endometrium
Periovarian inflammation sonograph
enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, indistinct margin
Salpingitis sonograph
nodular thickening, irregularity of tube with
diverticula
Pyosalpinx or hydrosalpinx sonograph
fluid-filled irregular fallopian tube with or without echoes