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NS exam > Somatovisceral sensitivity II > Flashcards

Somatovisceral sensitivity II Flashcards

1
Q

Nociceptor receptors are

A

free nerve endings located in most of the body

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2
Q

nociceptors are absent from

A

CNS and most of the viscera (kidney, liver, lungs, altough widespread tissue damage can cause slow aching pain in these areas)

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3
Q

nociceptor adaptation

A

very little, actually hyperalgesia

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4
Q

types of pain

A

fast and slow

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5
Q

fast pain time of response

A

0.1 s after a pain stimulus

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6
Q

fast pain feels like

A

needle, cutting, burning

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7
Q

fast pain is felt on

A

superficial but not on the deeper tissues

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8
Q

slow pain time of response

A

felt after 1 s or more and increases slowly during s and min

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9
Q

slow pain is associated with

A

tissue destruction

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10
Q

slow pain occurs

A

in almost any tissue

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11
Q

nociceptor groups

A

polymodal and mechanosensitive

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12
Q

polymodal nociceptor fibres

A

type IV or C

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13
Q

polymodal nociceptors respond to

A

mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli of high intensity

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14
Q

polymodal nociceptor pain

A

slow pain

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15
Q

mechanosensitive nociceptor fibres

A

Adelta or type III

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16
Q

mechanosensitive nociceptors respond to

A

mechanical stimuli of high intensity

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17
Q

types of nociceptors

A
  1. thermal pain stimuli
  2. chemical pain stimuli
  3. mechanical pain stimuli
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18
Q

thermal pain stimuli

A

receptors for burning hot

receptors for freezing cold

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19
Q

chemical pain stimuli

A 
bradykin
histamine
serotonin
Ach
acids
K+
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20
Q

mechanical pain stimuli

A

tissue disruption
ischemia
muscle spasm
excessive pressure

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21
Q

analgesia system of the CNS

A

contol system that suppresses pain impulses entering the CNS

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22
Q

Which areas are involved in the analgesia system of the CNS

A
  1. areas of the mesencephalon, upper PONS, and 3rd and 4th ventricle
  2. areas of the lower pons, upper and lateral medulla oblongata
  3. pain inhibitory complex in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord
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23
Q

visceral sensory signals are

A

very limited
mostly unconscious
related to the regulation of their activity

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24
Q

most consciously percieved visceral sensory signals

A

occur in response to intense mechanical or chemica stimuli = painful sensations

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25
Q

visceral pain is transmitted via

A

type IV fibres

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26
Q

how does visceral pain differ from superficial and deep pain

A

localised pain not very strong but diffuse can be very intense
no direct relation in between injury extent and pain intensity

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27
Q

referred pain

A

feel of pain in a body part that is far from the tissue causing the pain

28
Q

Convergence theory

A

theory of referred pain
brain gets confused because of visceral pain fibers synapse in the same second-order neurons in spinal cord as those neurons that receive pain from the skin.

29
Q

spinal afferent nerves carry

A

all the somatic sensory information from the trunk and limbs

30
Q

visceral sensory information is carried by

A

Mostly sympathetic autonomous NS nerves

31
Q

cranial afferent nerves carry

A

sensory information from the head

32
Q

ascending tracts

A

unconcious-> spinocerebellar tract

conscious -> lemniscal or dorsal columnar tract and spinothalamic tract

33
Q

spinothalamic tract splits into

A

lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts

34
Q

spinocerebellar tract splits into

A

posterior (direct) spinocerebellar tract and anterior (crossed) spinocerebellar tract

35
Q

all the sensitive information enters through the

A

posterior root of the spinocerebellar tract

36
Q

lemniscal or dorsal columnar tract is responsible for

A

discriminative=epicritic touch
vibratory sense
awareness of muscular coordination

37
Q

anterior spinothalamic tract is responsible for

A

crude=prostopathic touch, pression, itching, tingling, sexual sensations

38
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract is responsible for

A

pain and temperature

39
Q

dorsal or lateral spinocerebellar tract is responsible for

A

unconcious proprioception of the lower extremities

40
Q

ventral or anterior spinocerebellar tract is responsible for

A

unconcious proprioception of the upper extremities

41
Q

nr of neurons in the spinothalamic tract

A

3

42
Q

1st neuron in the spinothalamic tract

A

dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves

43
Q

where do dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves synapse?

A

in the gelatinous substance of rolando of the posterior horns

44
Q

2nd neuron in the spinothalamic tract

A

sensitive decussation

medial lemniscus of the brain stem

45
Q

3rd neuron in the spinothalamic tract

A

• Ventrobasal complex of the thalamus

ventral posterolateral nucleus

46
Q

3rd neuron in the spinothalamic tract ends in

A

the sensory cortex

47
Q

soma of the 3rd neuron in afferent tract

A

sensory nucleus of the thalamus

48
Q

axons of the 3rd neuron in afferent tract

A

projecting to sensitive cerebral cortex

49
Q

soma of the 2nd neuron in afferent tract

A

spinal cord or brain stem

50
Q

soma of the 1st neuron in afferent tract

A

posterior root ganglion of a spinal nerve or cranial nerve ganglion

51
Q

peripheral extension of the 1st neuron in an afferent tract

A

sensory receptor

52
Q

central extension of the 1st neuron in an afferent tract

A

synapse with the 2nd order neuron in the spinal cord

53
Q

lemniscal tract 1st neuron

A

dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve

54
Q

2n neuron of lemniscal tract

A

in medulla oblongata

synapse in nucleus cuneatus and the nucleus gracilis

55
Q

nucleus cuneatus

A

bundle of burdach

56
Q

nucleus gracilis

A

bundle of goll

57
Q

sesitive decussation of 2nd neuron of lemniscal tract

A

at the medulla oblongata

58
Q

3rd neuron of lemniscal tract

A

ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus

59
Q

3rd neuron of lemniscal tract ends at

A

sensory cortex and cerebellum

60
Q

fasciculus gracilis contains

A

ascending fibres of sacral, lumbar and 6 lower thoracic nerves

61
Q

fasciculus cuneatus contains

A

ascending fibres of cervical and 6 upper thoracic nerves

62
Q

spinocerebellar tracts have how many neurons

A

only 2

63
Q

1st neuron of spinocerebellar tracts

A

dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves

64
Q

1st neuron of spinocerebellar tracts synapse in

A

clark column (dorsal nucleus)

65
Q

decussation of 2nd neuron of the spinocerebellar tracts

A

posterior doesn’t decussate

anterior decussates at spinal cord

66
Q

2nd neuron of the spinocerebellar tracts ascends up to

A

medulla oblongata and/or pons

67
Q

2nd neuron of the spinocerebellar tracts ends in

A

cerebellar cortex

NS exam (5 decks)

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