General NS system and sensory receptors

Question 1

Levels of NS integration

Answer 1

1. Spinal cord
2. Lower brain/subcortical level
3. Higher brain/cortical level

Question 2

Spinal cord integration level

Answer 2

Reflexes and rhythmic motor patterns (ie. walking and withdrawal reflexes)

Question 3

Subcortical integration level functions

Answer 3

Subconcious activities such as arterial pressure, respiration, salivation, equilibrium

Question 4

Subcortical integration level organs

Answer 4

Medulla oblongata, pons,mesencephalon, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum, basal ganglia

Question 5

Cortical integration level

Answer 5

Memory and high-level accurate and specific responses

Question 6

Sensation

Answer 6

Sum of sensory impressions resulting from the stimulation of specialised structures called sensory receptors

Question 7

Perception

Answer 7

Subjective interpretation that is characteristic of every sensation

Question 8

Sensory receptor types

Answer 8

simple neural receptors
complex neural receptors
special neural receptors

Question 9

simple neural receptors

Answer 9

free nerve ending neurons

Question 10

complex neural receptors

Answer 10

with encapsulated nerve endings

Question 11

special senses receptors

Answer 11

cells that release a neurotransmitter on sensory neurons which initiate the AP

Question 12

sensory transduction

Answer 12

transforming different types of energy into an action potential

Question 13

what are important characteristics of sensory receptors?

Answer 13

high specificity

adaptation

Question 14

what does the high specificity of sensory receptors mean

Answer 14

each receptor is highly sensitive in detecting a certain type of stimulus

Question 15

what does adaptation of sensory receptors mean?

Answer 15

that there is a progressive inactivation of sensory receptor versus sustained stimulus

Question 16

what types of adaptation do sensory receptors have

Answer 16

slow (tonic receptors)

fast (phasic receptors)

Question 17

of what does the sensation depend on?

Answer 17

the type of receptor stimulated, not the stimulus itself

for example, hitting the eye=mechanic stimulus will make you see stars

Question 18

nerve conduction velocity

Answer 18

variable 0.5-120m/s

Question 19

nerve conduction velocity depends on?

Answer 19

axons diametre (the larger, the faster)
axon's myelination (more myelination, more speed)