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Organ Systems lll kt's > Somatosensory Part 1.0 > Flashcards

Somatosensory Part 1.0 Flashcards

basics and mechanoreceptors

1
Q

Somatosensory System: represented by 3 levels of integration associated w primary and association somatosensory cortices. What are they?

A 
Somatic Sensation (somesthesis)
- no perception, just awareness - consciousness of stimuli on somatic receptors

Somatic Perception
- generate attention - ego in it - “I notice this”

Somatic Representation
- third person - abstract knowledge, beliefs, attitudes about one’s own body

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2
Q

Intensity is…

A

more APs per unit time (higher frequency)

> increased stimulus intensity (the fire is about to burn you!), enhances the amplitude of the receptor potential - the harder you stimulate, the higher the receptor potential

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3
Q

The area of skin innervated by the branches of a single sensory receptor neuron is called?

A

a Cutaneous Receptive Field

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4
Q

Which RF’s are densely innervated and small in area? Peripheral or Proximal?

A

Peripheral (think feelers)

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5
Q

There are sensory receptor cells specialized in detecting stimuli of different qualities. The stimuli are categorized how?

A

Tactile Sensation

  • touch
  • pain
  • temp

Proprioception

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6
Q

The axons of sensory neurons that are specialized in detecting stimuli of different qualities have membrane receptors that respond to specific stimuli. What are some physical differences between these cells/membrane receptors?

A

CT capsules, modified epithelial cells, hairs, OR directly (free nerve endings)

BUT, RECEPTORS ARE EITHER MODIFIED NON-NEURAL TISSUE CELLS OR AXONS THEMSELVES. (a stimulus will ultimately trigger an AP in the axon)

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7
Q

Which mechanoreceptors are associated with small RFs?

A

Meissner and Merkel (fingertips)

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8
Q

Which mechanoreceptors are associated with Large RFs?

A

Ruffini
- detects stretch only in certain directions
Pacinian
- located along median and ulnar nerves

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9
Q

Each sensory receptor cell has a set of protein receptors in its membrane which code for one modality more than another. What do we call this?
What are the sensory receptor proteins called?

A

“adequate stimulus” - the E that elicits the greatest response determines which neurons will be responsible for the perception of the sensory “modality”

Transient Receptor type ion channels, TRP

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10
Q

What are Compound APs?

A

recordings of the summed APs measured over time at a particular site on the nerve

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11
Q

Compound velocities depend on?

A

the degree of myelination. we all know myelinated axons are fatter and faster.

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12
Q

The further along the nerve you record, the more the compound APs separate by velocity so, close to the stimuli you will see what?

A

summed activity.
a big blast of activity - a lot of axons producing APs recorded simultaneously in the big peak!

(recorded further away you will see: a large peak then smaller peaks - clusters of axons with different velocities)

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13
Q

Nerve compound APs are classified by letters or numbers. What ones are the fastest?

A

Type 1 or A

slowest - type lV or C

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14
Q

Size and Density of Receptive fields helps the CNS to…

A
  • locate stimulus
  • distinguish size & shape of stimulus
  • resolve spatial resolution
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15
Q

How does one maintain specificity regarding RFs?

A

RFs overlap - secondary RFs overlap and the spinal neurons that respond to diff secondary RFs can discern subtle differences among them.

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16
Q

Nerve compound action potentials are the peaks you see on the graph. The peaks correspond to?

A

the population size of axons w a specific degree of myelination and velocity

17
Q

Discriminative Touch: What are the different mechanoreceptors embedded in CT or around hairs?

A

merkel, ruffini, meissner, pacinian, hair follicle

ea has a particular pattern of function, morphology, depth, RF, adaptation

18
Q

Slow Adapting, SA, mechanoreceptors are?

A

Merkel and Ruffini

(A-beta)

[think MR. Slow, but remember, he’s mister Merkel]

19
Q

Fast Adapting, FA, mechanoreceptors are?

A

Meissner, Pacinian, Hair follicle

A-beta

20
Q

form, texture: fingers scanning a surface.

which mechanoreceptor?

where is it located?

A

Merkel Cells

(SA)

  • located more superficial in basal layer of epidermis
21
Q

skin stretch; perception of hand shape and position.

which mechanoreceptor?

what does it look like?

where is it located?

A

Ruffini Corpuscle (large thin spindle-shaped w layers of perineural tissue)

(SA)

  • located deeper in dermis
22
Q

skin movement and slip for grip control. movement across skin.

which mechanoreceptor?

what does it look like?

location?

A

Meissner Corpuscle (lamellar - schwann & CT)

(FA)

  • located superficially under epidermis, but in dermis
23
Q

Vibratory stimuli detected through hand held objects.

which mechanoreceptor?

what does it look like?

location?

A

Pacinian Corpuscle (onion-shaped lamellar - schwann & CT, encapsulates a single axon ending in dermis of glabrous skin)

(FA)

  • located deeper in dermis (looks like onion)
24
Q

Motion/direction of tactile stimuli. detect touch.

which mechanoreceptor?

what does it look like?

A

Hair follicle (axons surround base of hair - lanceolate)

(FA)

  • located in dermis
25
Q

What is sensory adaption and what information does it convey to CNS?

A

decrease in neural activity w sustained stimulation.

conveys rate of change of stimulus or status of sensation.

26
Q

Two types of receptors: SA & RA

What do RA receptors tell us?

A

something happened! there has been a change in our sensory environment!

  • stimulus, then rapid ion channel inactivation decreasing receptor potential
27
Q

Two types of receptors: SA & RA

What do SA receptors tell us?

A

what is occurring.

  • stimulus, then gradual decrease in receptor activity/potential, but still maintains enough activity to communicate status of a stimulus
28
Q

Pacinian corpuscle, the onion-shaped lamellar, FA, vibratory stimulated mechanoreceptor releases what (from either axon or lamellar cell) with physical pressure? What is released that rapidly inhibits AP?

A

Glutumate triggers AP.

GABA inhibits AP.

29
Q

Which mechanoreceptors are edge-sensitive?

A

Merkel and Meissner.

the two nearest to the skin surface.

30
Q

_________ mediate the remaining somesthetic modalities: non-disc, temp, pain

A

Free Nerve Endings

  • mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors
31
Q

Free Nerve Endings:

SA or FA?

Slow or Fast Conduction?

which type?

where?

A

SA, slower conducting, A-delta and C-type axons that underlie the epidermis

Organ Systems lll kt's (5 decks)

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