Somatosensory and movement

Question 1

What are the three major families of somatosensory receptors?

Answer 1

Nocioception Hapsis Proprioception

Question 2

nocioception

Answer 2

Pain and temperature receptors

Question 3

Hapsis

Answer 3

Fine touch and pressure receptors

Question 4

Proprioception

Answer 4

changes in body location and movement.

Question 5

How does the somatosensory cortex contribute to the dorsal visual stream?

Answer 5

helps us specify which shape put our hand in to grab something

Question 6

the somatosensory cortex contributes info to which visual stream, dorsal or ventral?

Answer 6

both!

Question 7

How does the somatosensory cortex contribute to the ventral visual stream?

Answer 7

tells us about object size and shape, and to “complement visual information”

Question 8

Does sensory information travel directly from sensory neurons to the brain?

Answer 8

No, the information passes through relays.

Question 9

Geniculostriate Visual system

Answer 9

1. Retnia 2. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (part of thalamus) 3. Striate cortex (V1/Primary visual cortex)

Question 10

Our skin is either ______ or ______

Answer 10

Hairy or glabrous

Question 11

Glabrous skin

Answer 11

Very sensitive skin, found on the palms of hands, bottom of feet, lips, and tongue.

Question 12

where are the somatosensory neuron somas located?

Answer 12

they make up the dorsal root ganglion in the spinal cord

Question 13

what is the main neurotransmitter used in synaps to muscles?

Answer 13

acetylcholine

Question 14

which corticospinal tract crosses over, Ventral or Lateral?

Answer 14

lateral crosses over

Question 15

what is the path way for Haptic/proprioceptive axons into the somatosensory cortex

Answer 15

they take the dorsal spinothalamic tract. This projects up the spinal cord on the ipsilateral side to neurons in the dorsal column nuclei. These nuclei project through and across the medial lemniscus to the thalamus, then to the somatosensory cortex.

Question 16

ipsilateral

Answer 16

occurring on the same side

Question 17

What is the pathway for nociceptive axons into the somatosensory cortex?*

Answer 17

Nociceptive axons synapse onto neurons in the ipsilateral dorsal spinal cord. These neurons cross over and project to the brain as the ventral spinothalamic tract, which courses through the medial lemniscus to the thalamus and cortex.

Question 18

what body parts have the most somatosensory neurons?

Answer 18

lips, tongue, hands

Question 19

reflexes

Answer 19

movements without the brain

Question 20

steps involved with voluntary movement

Answer 20

1. Visually identify the object you want to grasp. 2. Plan and initiate movements in the frontal and motor cortices. 3. Spinal cord carries information from cortex to motor neurons in the spinal cord. 4. Spinal cord neuron axons carry information to muscles. 5. Sensory receptors provide feedback that the object has been grasped 6. Spinal cord carries information back up to the brain. 7. Basal ganglia and cerebellum refine. 8. Sensory cortex receives “grasped”.

Question 21

What brain regions are involved in movement?

Answer 21

“1. Cortex 2. Brain stem 3. Spinal cord”

Question 22

The _______ cortex produces motor sequences to achieve the goal set by the __________ cortex.

Answer 22

premotor prefrontal

Question 23

What three parts of the cortex are involved with movement

Answer 23

Prefrontal cortex – goal selection Premotor cortex -­‐ sequencing Motor cortex – execution

Question 24

Where is the motor cortex located?

Answer 24

anterior of the central sulcus