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kines 461 > somatosensory > Flashcards

somatosensory Flashcards

1
Q

cutaneous sensation

A

sensation from the skin:

touch, pressure, heat, cold, pain

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2
Q

Role of somatosensory control

A

provide appropriate feedback to motor system about:
joint position, muscle tension, speed of muscle contraction contact with external surfaces in the environment

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3
Q

Receptors

A

specialized cells that transduce an environmental stimulus into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the nervous system

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4
Q

adequate stimulus

A

respond to one kind of stimulus

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5
Q

modality

A

receptor stimulated = feeling same sensation (light, temp, sound)

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6
Q

adaption

A

decreased firing rate of receptor to continuous /repetitive stimulation

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7
Q

intensity coding

A

receptors can detect strength/magnitude of stimulus

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8
Q

receptive field

A

region of sensory surface that modulates activity of neuron (when stimulated)

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9
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

distortion of surrounding tissues:

respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch

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10
Q

chemoreceptors

A

chemical substance in interstitial fluid:

smell, taste

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11
Q

photoreceptor

A

light

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12
Q

thermoreceptor

A

temperature

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13
Q

free receptor

A

endings are closed in specialized connective tissue that act like filters (mostly mechanoreceptor)

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14
Q

pancinian capsule

A

rapid adapting low threshold mechanoreceptor that senses fast indentation of the skin (vibration, pressure)

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15
Q

merkel’s disk

A

slow adapting, low threshold mechanoreceptor senses constant pressure on skin (touch)

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16
Q

meissner corpuscles

A

rapid adapting, low threshold mechanoreceptor that senses small indentations of the glabrous skin

17
Q

Ruffini’s corpuscles

A

slow adapting, low threshold mechanoreceptor that senses stretch of the skin

18
Q

free nerve endings

A

nociceptors are free nerve endings (not all free nerve endings are nociceptors)

  • sense cold, heat, touch
19
Q

proprioception

A

sensation from joints and muscles (musculoskeleton system)

Low threshold mechanoreceptor that inform the CNS about movement and position by detecting the stretch of the tissue

20
Q

muscle spindle

A

cigar shaped (fusiform) structure that run in parallel to regular (extrafusal) muscle fibers

21
Q

two types of intrafusal muscle fibers

A

nuclear bag fibers & nuclear chain fibers

22
Q

two types of sensory fibers that monitor intrafusal muscle

A

primary afferent (type 1a)
secondary afferent (type 2)

23
Q

intrafusal muscle innervated by the (gamma motor neuron)

A

increased sensitivity of the muscle spindle

24
Q

Extrafusal muscle innervated by the alpha motor neuron

A

causes muscular contraction (causes movement)

25
Q

static sensitivity

A

sensitive to change in muscle length (type II)

26
Q

Dynamic sensitivity

A

Sensitive to rate of change of muscle length (type Ia)

Monitors velocity of the stretch
27
Q

Golgi tendon organ (GTO)

A
  • located in myotendinous junction
  • has slow adapting nerve fibers embedded within collagen of tendon
  • monitors muscle tension
    • passive stretch/ active contraction of muscle increases tension activate GTO
  • attached to small bundle of extrafusal muscle fibers
  • informs CNS of tension of a muscle and workload is distributed throughout the muscle.
28
Q

motor unit

A

One motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
- single muscle has several motor units

29
Q

motor pool

A

multiple motor neurons and the muscle is innervates

30
Q

ratio principle

A

number of muscle fibers innervated by a motor neuron (size of motor unit)

  • fine motor control > smaller motor unit
  • gross motor control > large motor unit
31
Q

size principle

A

motor units are recruited from smallest to largest based on size of load

32
Q

final common pathway

A

motor commands eventually converge on motor neurons whose axon exits the CNS to innervate muscle
- motor neurons are final common pathway for all motor actions

33
Q

what produces movement

A

alpha motor neuron innervates the extrafusal muscle fibers causing muscular contraction

34
Q

neurological approach to motor control

A

motor control efficiently recruits correct motor units to generate sufficient force, at appropriate time, with necessary precision.

35
Q

type 1 (Joint receptor)

A

ruffini-like receptor slow adapting nerve fibers located in the fibrous part of the joint capsule

36
Q

type 2 (Joint receptor)

A

pacinian-like receptors, rapid adapting nerve fibers, located in fibrous part of joint capsule

37
Q

type 3 (Joint receptor)

A

slow adapting receptors, resemble tendon organ, found only in ligaments

38
Q

type (Joint receptor)

A

free nerve ending, located in fibrous capsule and ligaments
- detect tissue damage (nociception)

kines 461 (2 decks)

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