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kines 461 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

information theory

A

how information is quantified, stored and communicated

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2
Q

learning

A

strengthing of the bond between the stimulus and the response

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3
Q

information processing

A

in human brain may be similar to the steps and operations of a computer program

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4
Q

information must be

A
  • stored in storage system (memory)
  • processed
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5
Q

reflexes

A
  • non-inferential: direct pathway with no information added
  • encapsulated: unaffected by mental processes
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6
Q

perception

A
  • process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information
  • how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced
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7
Q

poverty of stimulus

A
  • our experience determines our knowledge
  • less information in our stimulus than perceptual response
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8
Q

information

A
  • a quantity that reduces uncertainty
  • constraint (limit or help shape the development of performance
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9
Q

information processing model

A

input (signal) > processor > output (motor action)
environment brain observable behavior

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10
Q

chronometric approach

A
  • use of reaction time
  • infers cognitive processes
  • examines temporal aspects of information processing (duration)
  • uses RT paradigms
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11
Q

reaction time

A

interval between the onset of the stimulus to the initiation of the response (before movement begins)

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12
Q

movement time

A

interval from initiation of response to the completion of response

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13
Q

response time

A

sum of reaction time + movement time

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14
Q

parallel processing

A

stages occur at same time but at different locations

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15
Q

serial processing

A

one stage has to finish before the next stage can begin

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16
Q

processing stages

A
  • stimulus identification
  • response selection
  • response programming
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17
Q

Stimulus identification

A

individual must detect a stimulus has occurred and must identify it

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18
Q

response selection

A

after the stimulus has been identified, an individual must decide which response to make (action or no action)

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19
Q

response programming

A

after response is selected, system has to prepare for making the movement (represent preparation of motor systems and initiation of movement

20
Q

Donders subtraction method

A
  • simple RT
  • Discrimination RT
  • Choice RT
21
Q

Simple RT

A
  • one stimulus, one response
  • stimulus detection, response execution
22
Q

Discrimination RT

A
  • multiple stimuli, one some have response
  • stimulus detection, stimulus identification, response selection (not all stimuli have response)
23
Q

Choice RT

A
  • multiple stimuli, each have own response
  • stimulus detection, stimulus identification, response selection, response execution
24
Q

Stimulus identification

A

Discrimination RT - Simple RT

25
Q

Response selection

A

Choice RT - discrimination RT

26
Q

stimulus identification substages

A
  • stimulus detection
  • pattern recognition
27
Q

stimulus detection

A
  • light reaches retina > transformed into electrical impulses > processing to contact memory
  • stimulus clarity: extent to which visual stimulus is defined and clear (+ clarity = faster identification
  • stimulus intensity: brightness of light, loudness.. + intensity = faster RT
    stimulus modality: visual, auditory multiple modalities.. RT is faster if stimulus are presented in more than 1 modality
28
Q

pattern recognition

A
  • stimulus identification requires extracting pattern from other stimuli in environment
  • pattern detection is learned and often differentiates experts and novice
  • automaticity in motor performance develops due to sensory info being detected quickly and accurately
29
Q

Response selection

A

individual now has a basis for knowing what happened in the environment and selects an appropriate response

30
Q

as the number of choices increased the choice reaction time also increases (linear relationship)

A
31
Q

Hicks law

A

Predicts how much RT increases with increasing choices

32
Q

Choice Rt is linearly related to log2 of the number of stimulus options

A

more choice creates more information processing creating longer RT

33
Q

bit

A

amount of information that reduced original uncertainty by half

34
Q

when number of choices double

A

number of information being processed increased by 1 bit and RT increases a constant amount

35
Q

hicks law does not hold

A

if the individual has excess familiarity with the task

36
Q

stimulus response compatibility

A
  • if stimulus and response are compatible then RT is faster
  • S-R compatibility concerns the extent to which the stimulus and its associated response are connected in a natural manner (i.e., stimulus on same side)
37
Q

incompatibility

A

cause interferences in selection and response

38
Q

response selection phase of RT

A

susceptible to compatibility effects when teh stimuli and response have a learned association

39
Q

interference occurs if response is

A

not consistent with that learned association (i.e., color is green but word spells blue)

40
Q

simon effect

A

Stimulus location (i.e., left or right side)

41
Q

Theories that may explain stroop effect

A
  • processing speed
  • selective attention
  • automaticity
42
Q

processing speed

A

we read words faster than we recognize color

43
Q

selective attention

A

recognizing color requires more attention than reading

44
Q

automaticity

A

recognizing color is not an automatic process, whereas the brain automatically understands the meaning of words

45
Q

Response programming required steps

A
  • motor program retrieved from memory
  • program prepared for activation
  • relevant areas of motor systems readied for program
  • movement initiated
46
Q

Henry Rogers experiment

A
  • manipulated complexity of movement, while keeping the stimulus the same
  • complex movements required longer movement time and reaction time
  • more complex movement = longer period of time to initiate (plan)
47
Q
A

kines 461 (2 decks)

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