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Neuro for PT > Somatosensation 2 Shai. > Flashcards

Somatosensation 2 Shai. Flashcards

1
Q

what are merkels disks

A

mechanoreceptors (pressure)

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2
Q

what are pacinian corpuscles?

A

mechanoreceptors for pressure and vibration

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3
Q

what are ruffini endings?

A

mechanoreceptors for light touch

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4
Q

what are messiners corpuscles?

A

mechanoreceptors for light touch

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5
Q

what are vertical tracts?

A

bundles of axons with the same origin and a common termination is a tract, column, leminiscus, or fascicle

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6
Q

what is the white matter with regards to a vertical tract?

A

the ascending and descending tracts

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7
Q

what is a funiculus?

A

big bundles of white matter

example of this is the dorsal funiculus

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8
Q

what is the dorsal funiculus divided into?

A

two columns the right and the left

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9
Q

what is the ascending tract do?

A

ascending carrys sensory information (synapse in the cord or goes straight to the brain

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10
Q

what does the descending tract carry?

A

motor informaiton & synapses in the ventral horn or intermediate zone and then out to periphery

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11
Q

What type of pathway for discriminitive touch and conscious prorpioception usse?

A

three neuron relay (poly synaptic)

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12
Q

What are the levels of this three neuron relay for discriminitive touch and conscious proprioception?

A

primary conveys info from receptors to medulla

secondary convey info from medulla to thalamus

tertiary relays information from thalamus to cerebral cortex

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13
Q

What do primary neurons include with regards to the dorsal column/medial leminiscus system?

A

many collateral branches entering the gray matter
-some collaterals that contribute to motor control, some influence activity in neurons in other sensory systems and others that influence autonomic regulation

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14
Q

what do secondary neurons in the dorsal colum/medial leminiscus system include?

A

they are located in the nucleus gracilis or cutanetus.

they have axons that cross the midline as the internal acruate fibers, and then ascend to the thalamus.

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15
Q

where is the nucleus gracilis located?

A

Lower extremities, so lower spinal cord

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16
Q

where is the nucleus cuneatus ?

A

upper extremities and higher spinal cord???

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17
Q

what do the tertiary neurons in the dorsal column/medial leminscus system include?

A

neurons that connect the thalamus to the sensory cortex.

those thaty have axons forming part of the thalamocorticial radiations which are fibers connecting the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

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18
Q

What is the primary sensory cortex? and what does it do?

A

arease of the cortex that respond to somatosensory stim..

in the HUMUNCULUS

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19
Q

Where are the somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

primary sensory cortex- discriminiates among the size texture or shape of object.

somatosensory association areas analyse the information from the primary sensory area and the thalamus and provide stereognosis and memory of tactile and spatial environment.

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20
Q

what does the thalamus do?

A

from my notes, it seems it helps with the MEMORY of an object

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21
Q

What fibers detect temperature?

A

specialized free nerve endings of small myelinated and unmyelinated neurons

A-delta fibers->impulses produced by cooling (small myelinated)

C Fibers->information from heat (unmyelinated)

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22
Q

what helps to find pain?

A

sensation and EMOTIONAL RESPONSE TO THE SENSATION

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23
Q

what is nociceptive?

A

receptors or neurons that recieve or transmit information about stimuli that damage or threaten to damage tissue

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24
Q

what is fast pain?

A

spinothalamic pain

initial and immediate sharp sensation that indicates the location of the injury

usually only 3 neuron path

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25
Q

what is slow pain?

A

spinolimbic pain

dull throbbing ache following fast pain

not well localized (usually longer pain)

26
Q

Fast pain lateral pain system (tract?)

A

three Neuron system

Primary- info into dorsal horn of spinal cord

Secondary- axons of secondary cross midline and project from spinal cord to the thalamus

Tertiary- project from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

27
Q

what are other names for the fast pain lateral pain system?

A

spinothalamic pathway

anterolateral system

28
Q

what is the difference between fast and slow pain?

A

fast pain– info reaches somatosensory cortex so youre consciously aware of sharp pain

if tissue damage occurs then you get slow pain resposnse.

onset of slow pain is later than fast pain because impulses travel on smaller unmyelinated axons

29
Q

What is the medial pain system

A

divergent ascending network of neurons

uses several pathways with variable numbers of projection neurons (not a 3 neuron pathway like fast pain)

30
Q

what does activity of the medial pain system cause?

A

affective, motivational, withdrawl, arousal and autonomic responses

info is not somatotopically organized so you it cannot be precicely localized.

achey pain, also if you get a scratch and dont see it bleeding, but then you look and then it hurts

31
Q

what are the neruons for the medial pain system?

A

1st neuron: small unmyelinated C fiber

receptors are free nerve endings, sensitivie to noxious heat, chemical, or mechanical stimulation

has a high threshold of c fibers ending that become sensiized with repeated stimulation

32
Q

what are ascending projection neurons?

A

axons of ascending projection neurons reach the midbrain reticular formation and limbic areas via three tracts in the atnerolateral spinal cord

33
Q

what are the three tracts in the anterolateral spinal cord?

A

spinomesencephalic
spinoreticular
spinolimbic

34
Q

of the three tracts of the anterolateral spinal cord, which one has informaiton that is perceived as pain?

A

spinolimbic

35
Q

what does the spinomesencephalic tract do?

A

carries nociceptive information to the superior colliculus and periaqueductal gray (part of the descending pain control system in the midbrain)

is involved in turning eyes and head toward the source of noxious input and in activating descending tracts that control pain

36
Q

what does the spinoreticular tract do?

A

three ascending neurons synapse in the reticular formation

reticular formation: a neural network in the brainstem that includes the reticular nuclei and their connection which modulates arousal, attention, and sleep waking cycles

37
Q

what does the spinolimbic tract do?

A

transmits slow pain information in the medial and interalaminar nuclei in the thalamus

slow pain pathways privde info that produce automatic movements and autonomic and emotional responsess to noxious stimuli

activity in the spinoreticular and spinolimbic result in arousal, withdrawl, autonomic and affective responses to pain.

38
Q

Temperature informaton– how is it transmitted?

A

reticular formaiton
nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus
subcortical nuclei
hypothalamus

39
Q

what happens to temperature information that does not reach conscious awareness?

A

contributes to arousal, gross localization and contributes to autonmic regulation

40
Q

what do unconscious relay tracts to the cerebellum do?

A

transmit information from proprioceptors and information about activity in spinal interneurons

they relay information critical for adjusting movements

inadequate proprioceptive input can cause ataxia bc loss of sensory feedback disrupts movement control

41
Q

what is the function of the spinocerebellar tracts?

A

info in the spinocerebrellar tracts come from the proprioceptrs spinal interneurons and descending motor pathways

info that does not reach conscious awareness contributes to autonomic movements and postural adjustements

42
Q

if you have proproception vibration and fine touch in the body, what somatosensory pathway would it be?

A

dosal column- medial leminiscal

43
Q

if you have proproception vibration and fine touch in the face, what somatosensory pathway would thisbe?

A

trigeminal lemniscus

44
Q

if you have pain temprerature and crude touch, in the body what somatosensory pathway would it be?

A 
anterolateral pathways
- SPINOTHALAMIC (primary?)
spinoreticular
spinomesencephalic
spinolimbic
45
Q

if you have pain temperature and crude touch to the face, what somatosensory pathway would it be?

A

trigeminothalamic tract

46
Q

what does the dorsal column medial leminiscus system include?

A

gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus

47
Q

what does the dorsal column medial leminiscus system sensory include?

A

proprioception vibration and fine touch

48
Q

with the dorsal column medial leminiscus, what do the axons look like

A

large diameter,myelinated axons

49
Q

with the dorsal column medial leminiscus, what do the first order neurons do?

A

ascend in ipsilateral posterior columns through the gracile and cuneate fasiculus where they synapse

50
Q

with the dorsal column medial leminiscus, what do the second orderaxons do

A

second order neurons decussate as internal arcuate fibers in the nedulla then formal medial lemniscus , and then synapse in the thalamus at the VPL (ventral posterolateral nucleus)

51
Q

with the dorsal column medial leminiscus, what do the third orderaxons do?

A

project to primary somatosensory cortex

52
Q

with the trigeminal lemniscus, what happens

A

analogous to posterior column medial leminiscal pathway

convey touch sensation for face to somatosensory cortex.

this tract enters in the medulla and immediately decussates and then synapses in the thalamus at the VPM(ventral posteriormedial nucleus)

53
Q

what does the anterolateral ssytem include? and what type of sensation does it read?

A

lateral spinothalamic tract
anterior spinothalamic tract

pain and temperature, crude touch and pressure

54
Q

what does the spinothalamic tract look like?

A

small diameter unmyelinated axons

55
Q

what do the first order neurons in the spinothalmic tract do?

A

they synapse directly in the gray matter of the spinal cord (within 1-3 segments of entering the spinal cord)

56
Q

what do the second ordre neurons in the spinothalamic tract do?

A

cross in spinal cord anterior commissure

ascend in the anterolateral whtie matter
synapise in the thalamus at the ventral posterolateral neucleus

57
Q

what do the third order neurons in the spinothalmic tract do?

A

project to primary somatosensory cortex

58
Q

what does the trigeminothalamic tract do?

A

it follows the spinothalmic tract

conveys pain temperature, crude touch sensaton from the face to the somatosensory cortex

fibers enter at the medulla and immediately decussate

synapse in the thalamus

59
Q

example of what the spinothalamic tract does, what would my response be?

A

“i detect something on my left foot”

mediates discrimininative aspect of pain/temp aka the location and intensity

60
Q

example of what the spinoreticular tract does?

A

projects to VPL thalamus, then diffuse to cortex, conveys emotional/arousal aspect of pain

OUCH!!

61
Q

what does the spinomesencephalic tract do ? an example.

A

projects to periaqueductal gray in midbrain, and participates in the central modulation of pain

“ok thats better”

Neuro for PT (4 decks)

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