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Italy - consolidation 1861-70 > Solving the Venetian question 1861-66 > Flashcards

Solving the Venetian question 1861-66 Flashcards

1
Q

Who did nationalists believe should take charge of solving the Roman and Venetian questions?

A

Piedmont

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2
Q

Who controlled Venetia until 1866?

A

Austria

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3
Q

Who headed the Italian Freedom Association (formed in 1861)

A

Garibaldi

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4
Q

Why did Rattazzi summon Garibaldi to Turin in March 1862?

A

To discuss possible action in Greece, Serbia and Dalmatia to destabilise Austria (didn’t happen)

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5
Q

In May 1862, what happened to a group of Garibaldi supporters, led by Nullo?

A

Arrested on the Austrian border for trying to attack Austria?

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6
Q

Garibaldi attempted to engineer armed uprisings against the Hapsburgs in 1862 and 1864 to force the withdrawal of the Austrian army from Italy. Why did these fail?

A

News of these attempts had leaked out, upsetting foreign diplomats. This forced the Italian government to intervene against Garibaldi.

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7
Q

Why did Garibaldi visit London in 1864?

A

To use his publicity to raise the issue of Venice

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8
Q

Why did Prussia and Italy see Austria as their common enemy?

A

Tension between Prussia and Austria over Schleswig-Holstein

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9
Q

What forced Italy to negotiate with Prussia?

A

An attempt by La Marmora to purchase Venetia for 1000 million lire had failed

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10
Q

Who formed an alliance between Italy and Prussian chancellor Bismarck?

A

Napoleon III

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11
Q

What agreement did Prussia have with Italy?

A

Italy would receive Venetia for helping Prussia in the war against Austria

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12
Q

When did Prussia and Italy declare war on Austria?

A

June 1866

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13
Q

How many men did Italy have?

A

250,000

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14
Q

How many men did Austria have?

A

130,000

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15
Q

How many ironclad ships did Italy have?

A

12

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16
Q

How many ironclad ships did Austria have?

A

7

17
Q

What problems did the Italian army have?

A
  • Incompetence of the highest levels of command (including Admiral Persano)
  • Badly disorganised
18
Q

What percentage of the Italian army ever reached the front?

A

25%

19
Q

When did the Battle of Custozza take place?

A

24th June

20
Q

Why was Italy defeated at Custozza?

A

Panic and confused orders

21
Q

Where was Italy defeated in July?

A

Battle of Lissa

22
Q

How many ships did Italy lose at Lissa?

A

3 including the “Re d’Italia”

23
Q

Why was Italy defeated at Lissa?

A

The fleet had fired 1450 shells and not scored one major hit

24
Q

However, where was an Austrian force defeated by Garibaldi?

A

Bezzecca, 21st July

25
Q

Where did Prussia defeat Austria?

A

Sadowa, July 3rd

26
Q

When was an armistice signed?

A

26th July

27
Q

What consequence did the war have on morale?

A
  • The prestige of both the army and monarchy were damaged
  • Devastating for the national psyche
  • Crispi: “To be Italian was something we once longed for, now in the present circumstances it is shameful”
28
Q

How did Venetia become part of Italy?

A
  • Austria gave Venetia to France

- Napoleon immediately gave Venetia to Italy

29
Q

Why did Austria give Venetia to France?

A

Didn’t want to give any land to an inferior country (Italy)

30
Q

What was the result of the plebiscite?

A
  • Yes: 647246

- No: 69

31
Q

What did the war highlight about Italy?

A

its lack of military independence and power

32
Q

Why did the outcome war increase tension in Italy

A

Massive debt had to be repaid:

  • church land nationalised
  • Grist Tax 1868
33
Q

How did Cavour die in June 1861?

A

Malaria

34
Q

Why did La Marmora resign?

A

to help lead the army in the war

35
Q

Other than Persano, how else were the army incompetent?

A
  • Victor Emmanuel was “wholly ignorant and incompetent”

- tension between Caldini and La Marmora (both de facto led the army)

36
Q

How did the Navy have a shortage of trained crew?

A

3 largest warships only had 19 gunners each

Italy - consolidation 1861-70 (2 decks)

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