Solutions & Separation techniques Flashcards
What is an element?
An element is a substance that is made up of only ONE TYPE of atom. E.g. copper is an element because it is made up of millions of copper atoms.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is formed when different substances are mingled together but they are not chemically bonded together.
When a substance does not dissolve in a solvent it is said to be ______________.
Insoluble
When a substances dissolves in a solvent it is said to be _______________.
Soluble
Which separation technique separates magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials?
Magnetism
Which separation technique separates a soluble solid by boiling off the liquid? e.g. a mixture of salt and water
Evaporation
Which separation technique would separate an insoluble solid from a liquid e.g. sand and water?
Filtration
Which separation technique separates liquids/inks of different colours?
Paper chromatography
Which separation technique separates liquids with different boiling points
Distillation
What is filtration used to separate?
Filtration separate insoluble solids from a liquid e.g. sand and water?
What is the name of the substance left behind in the funnel after filtration has taken place?
Residue
What is the name of the substance that is filtered through the funnel and collected at the end?
Filtrate
How does the change of state of liquid to a gas occur?
Evaporation
What is a solvent?
A liquid (e.g. water) in which a solute can dissolve to form a solution.
What is a solute?
A solute is the substance that dissolves in the solvent.
What is a solution?
A mixture of a dissolved solute in a solvent
What is a saturated solution?
A saturated solution is one in which no more solute can dissolve in the solvent at a given temperature.
In general how does temperature affect the solubility of a solute in solvent?
As the temperature increases the solubility of the solute also increases. i.e. more solute will dissolve as the temperature goes up.
Which of the particle diagrams A, B, or C represents an mixture?
C
Which of the particle diagrams A, B, or C represents an compound?
B
Why does particle diagram A represent an element?
Because the substance is made up of only ONE TYPE of atom.
Which of the particle diagrams A, B, or C represents an element?
A
In this case sand is left behind in the filter paper.
What is the name for the insoluble substance (label A) that does not pass through the filter paper?
Residue
What type of separation technique is shown by the diagram?
Filtration
What is the term used for the liquid that passes through the filter paper (label B)?
Filtrate
What is the name of the piece of equipment labelled Y in the diagram?
Bunsen burner
What is the name of the piece of equipment labelled X in the diagram?
Evaporating dish (or evaporating basin)
What is the name of the separation technique shown in the diagram?
Evaporation
Why could you not use filtration to separate seawater (i.e. a mixture of water and salt)
Because seawater is a mixture of water and dissolved salt. Both water and salt particles would pass through the filter paper into the filtrate.
How many coloured substances are in the purple ink?
There are 2 coloured substances (red and blue) in the purple ink.
Which colour is a mixture of blue, yellow and red inks?
Brown
Look at the chromatogram in the diagram. Which colour is the most soluble?
Yellow is the most soluble. The most soluble substances travel furthest along the chromatography paper.
By what process does the gas turn back into a liquid in the condenser?
The gas cools and condenses. In this way the gas changes state to a liquid.
By what process does the liquid in the round bottomed flask turn into a gas?
The liquid boils and then evaporates.
What is the name of the separation technique shown in the diagram?
Distillation
Define a pure substance.
A pure material is made of only one type of substance.
How could you identify a pure substance?
A pure material has a fixed melting point and boiling point.
What is an impurity?
An impurity is a chemical that is found in a material in very small amounts, but can change the material’s properties
What is meant by ‘conservation of mass’?
The combined mass of starting materials equals the combined mass of the end products.
