Health & Lifestyle Flashcards
What is the function of protein in the diet?
Proteins are nutrients found in food. Proteins allow us to grow and repair our bodies tissues (e.g. muscle).
What is the function of carbohydrate in the diet?
Carbohydrates are nutrients found in food. Carbohydrates give us energy.
What does the pancreas produce?
The pancreas is an organ that produces enzymes. These enzymes speed up the rate of digestion.
What is a drug?
A drug is a chemical that alters the way our brain & body functions.
What is the function of the oesophagus?
This is the tube where food travels down when it is swallowed. The food moves in ‘waves’ called peristalsis down the oesophagus.
What is the function of the stomach?
The stomach is an organ that contracts to churn food. It contains hydrochloric acid & enzymes that digests food faster.
What is the function of the liver?
The liver produces a green chemical called bile. Bile neutralises stomach acid and breaks down fats into smaller droplets.
How does a stimulant drug affect the body?
It speeds up the brain and nervous system.
Give an example of a depressant drug.
Alcohol
Give 2 short term effects of alcohol
- Slow reaction time – brain areas affected - Dizziness
Which organs are most affected by drinking alcohol?
Brain and liver
What is the maximum units of alcohol an adult male or female should not exceed per week.
14 units
Name 2 long term effects of alcohol
- Alcohol dependence (addiction) - Cirrhosis of the liver - Depression
Name 3 harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke
- Nicotine - Tar - Carbon monoxide
What type of drug is nicotine? How does it affect the body?
Nicotine is a stimulant drug. It speeds up your heart rate.
How does carbon monoxide affect your body?
It binds to red blood cells and reduces the number of oxygen molecules they can carry.
Which chemical in cigarette smoke is carcinogenic (can cause cancer)
Tar
What is the function of the small intestine?
This is where the food nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.
Where does mechanical digestion take place
In the mouth with the teeth and tongue
What are enzymes?
They are biological catalysts made by the pancreas that SPEED up the rate of digestion.
What type of energy is stored in food?
Chemical energy
What is the function of the liver?
The liver produces BILE which neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats.
Where does undigested food leave the body?
Through the anus.
Look at the diagram. What part of the digestive system is labelled as A?
Oesophagus
Look at the diagram. What part of the digestive system is labelled as C?
Liver
Look at the diagram. What part of the digestive system is labelled as D?
Large intestine
Look at the diagram. What part of the digestive system is labelled as F?
Small intestine
Look at the diagram. What part of the digestive system is labelled as E?
Pancreas
Look at the diagram. What part of the digestive system is labelled as B?
Stomach
What is digestion?
Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
Name the enzyme that breaks down starch.
Amylase.
Which enzyme breaks down proteins?
Protease
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Where is bile produced and stored?
Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system.
What happens in the large intestine?
Water is absorbed from the remaining undigested food, forming solid waste (faeces).
