solutions part 1

Question 1

——– is formed when one substance dispersed uniformly throughout another

Answer 1

solution

Question 2

other name for solution

Answer 2

homogeneous mixture

Question 3

2 components of homogeneous mixture

Answer 3

solute and solution

Question 4

meaning its components are not visible to the naked eye

Answer 4

homogeneous in nature,

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE

A Solution scatters in a light beam.

Answer 5

false

A Solution does not scatter a light beam because there are no particles to obstruct the light.

Question 6

The ——–, which is the scattering of light by particles in a mixture, occurs in suspensions, not in solutions.

Answer 6

Tyndall effect

Question 7

where does the Tyndall effect occur?

Answer 7

in suspensions

Question 8

true or false

Components of a solution can be separated using simple mechanical filtration.

Answer 8

false

Components of a solution cannot be separated using simple mechanical filtration.

Question 9

——— is the liquid then ——- is the particles na nag settle down or also known as precipitate.

Answer 9

1. Supernatant
2. residue

Question 10

The maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given volume of solvent.

Answer 10

solubility

Question 11

when a substance can be dissolved in a solvent.

Answer 11

Soluble

Question 12

when a substance cannot be dissolved in a solvent.

Answer 12

Insoluble

Question 13

Two liquids that are soluble in each other.

Answer 13

Miscible

Question 14

Two liquids that are not soluble in each other.

Answer 14

immiscible

Question 15

The solubility of a substance depends on the —- of both the solute and the solvent.

Answer 15

polarity

Question 16

true or false

substances with similar polarities dissolve well in each other. The greater the difference in polarity, the lower the solubility.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

factors affecting solubilty (3)

Answer 17

polarity

temp

pressure

Question 18

—- is when an entity contains two distinct and opposite poles that can either attract or repel each other

Answer 18

Polarity

Question 19

true or false

increasing the temp decreases the solubility of the solute in the solvent

Answer 19

false

increasing the temp increases the solubility

Question 20

For —- solutes, the effect of pressure on solubility is negligible,
meaning it has little to no effect.

Answer 20

solid

Question 21

true or false

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the applied pressure.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

a physical or chemical situation where a system can take no more of a substance

Answer 22

saturation

Question 23

When equilibrium is reached the rates of dissolution and precipitation are equal, there is some dissolved and some undissolved solute. this state indicates that the solvent has dissolved as much solute as possible, and any additional solute will remain undissolved.

Answer 23

dynamic equilibrium

Question 24

Contains the maximum amount of a
given solvent at a specific temperature

Answer 24

Unsaturated Solution

Question 25

Contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve

Answer 25

Saturated Solution

Question 26

Contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution

Answer 26

Supersaturated Solution

Question 27

are often formed by heating the solvent to dissolve more solute than it normally would at lower temperatures. As the solution cools, the excess solute remains dissolved until disturbed.

Answer 27

Supersaturated Solution

Question 27

These are the forces of attraction between molecules of the solute and solvent.

Answer 27

INTERMOLECULAR ATTRACTIONS

Question 28

These forces determine how well the solute and solvent interact to form a solution. For a solution to form, the ----------------between the solute and solvent must be compatible, meaning the polarity of both should be similar for effective interaction.

Answer 28

intermolecular forces

Question 28

forces within the molecules themselves. Before the solute and solvent can interact, the ------ holding the solute particles together and those holding the solvent molecules together must be overcome.

Answer 28

intramolecular forces

Question 29

true or false breaking of bonds is not necessarry to allow the solute and solvent to mix

Answer 29

false breaking of internal bonds allows the solute and solvent to mix.

Question 30

Solvent particles surround solute particles, effectively coating them and leading to the dissolution of the solute in the solvent. When water is the solvent, the process is called -------------.

Answer 30

hydration

Question 31

As solvation occurs, the solvent particles form a cage-like structure around the solute particles, trapping them within this ------

Answer 31

"solvent cage."

Question 32

Dissolution overall can be either ---- or -----

Answer 32

endothermic or exothermic

Question 33

true or false Whether the dissolution is endothermic or exothermic depends on the balance between the energy required to break the initial bonds (in the solute and solvent) and the energy released when new bonds are formed during solvation. If more energy is required, the process is exothermic if more energy is released, it is endothermic

Answer 33

false if more energy is required, the process is endothermic; if more energy is released, it is exothermic.

Question 34

Energy is released, meaning the formation of new bonds between the solute and solvent releases more energy than is needed to break the original bonds. This results in an increase in temperature. - more energy released in mkaing bonds

Answer 34

exothermic

Question 35

Energy is absorbed, which means more energy is required to break the bonds within the solute and solvent than is released when new bonds are formed between them. This results in a DECREASE in temperature.

Answer 35

endothermic

Question 36

steps of solution (3)

Answer 36

solvent solvent solute solute solute solvent

Question 37

step? The forces holding the solute particles together must be overcome for the solute to dissolve.

Answer 37

solvent solvent (1)

Question 38

step? After the solute andsolvent molecules are separated, new interactions (or bonds) form between them. This is crucial for the formation of a solution.

Answer 38

solute solute (2)

Question 39

step? Thesearetheinteractionsthatoccur between solute and solvent molecules once the solute has been dispersed. The strength of these interactions determines whether the solute will stay dissolved or precipitate out of the solution.

Answer 39

solute solvent (3)

Question 40

types of imf weakest to strongest (5)

Answer 40

LONDON dispersion dipole induced dipole dipole h bonding ion dipole

Question 41

IMF: Weakest, occurs between all molecules, especially nonpolar ones.

Answer 41

london dispersion

Question 42

imf: Occurs when a polar molecule induces a dipole in a nonpolar molecule.

Answer 42

dipole induced

Question 43

imf: Occurs between two polar molecules.

Answer 43

dipole dipole

Question 44

imf: Occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.

Answer 44

H bonding

Question 45

imf: Strongest, occurs between an ion and a polar molecule.

Answer 45

ion dipole

Question 46

true or false hotter temperatures are more ideal for dissolving gases in a solvent.

Answer 46

false , lower temperatures are more ideal for dissolving gases in a solvent.

Question 47

true or false Heating up the solution makes the solid solute dissolve more easily.

Answer 47

true

Question 48

this states that the solubility of gases is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquids

Answer 48

henry's law

Question 49

t or f When pressure increases over the solvent, it allows the molecules of gases to interact more with the solvent

Answer 49

true

Question 50

t or f Increasing the pressure compresses gas particles, bringing them closer to the solvent molecules, which enhances solubility. Conversely, decreasing the pressure results in lower solubility as gas particles spread out.

Answer 50

t

Question 51

a solutiion can be ---- or ----

Answer 51

dilute or concentrated

Question 52

Solution contains less solute than solvent.

Answer 52

dilute

Question 53

Solution contains more solute than solvent.

Answer 53

concentrated