QUARTER 2 EXAM Flashcards
The area of chemistry concerned with speed, or rates, at which a chemical reaction occurs
CHEMICAL KINETICS
refers to the rate of a reaction, or the reaction rate, which is the change in the concentration of a reactant or a product with time (M/s)
Kinetics
Any reaction can be represented by the general equation:
Reactants → Products
The speed at which a chemical reacts is called reaction rate
A + B → C
THE RATE OF REACTION
__________ helps determine how reactions occur, specifically the order in which chemical bonds are broken or formed.
Chemical kinetics
Reactants typically _____ in concentration over time, while products ______.
decrease ; increase
The more readily molecules collide, the faster they react. Smaller particles with larger surface areas react faster.
In order to react, molecules must come in contact with each other
The more homogeneous the mixture of reactants, the faster the molecules can react
PHYSICAL STATE
FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF REACTION
PHYSICAL STATE
REACTANT CONCENTRATION
REACTION TEMPERATURE
CATALYST
Higher concentration means more particles are available to collide, increasing the reaction rate.
As reactant concentration increases, the frequency with which the reactant molecules collide increase, leading rates
REACTANT CONCENTRATION
Increasing temperature raises kinetic energy, making particles move faster and collide more often.
Reaction rates generally increase as temperature is increased
REACTION TEMPERATURE
A _____ speeds up the reaction by changing the reaction mechanism but is not consumed in the process.
catalyst
For a reaction to occur:
Particles must _____
_________ to break bonds.
The correct _________ to form new bonds.
- collide
- Sufficient energy
- orientation
TRUE OR FALSE
The greater the number of collisions the slower the rate.
false
The greater the number of collisions the faster the rate.
true or false
The more molecules present, the greater the probability of collision and the faster the rate.
true
In order for reaction to occur the reactant molecules must collide in the correct orientation and with enough energy to form products
true or false
true
Reactant rates are denoted with a negative sign to show ______, while products are positive
depletion
At any specific time, the rate at which a reaction is proceeding is known as its ________
instantaneous rate.
The rate at one single/particular point in time
Instantaneous Rate
Rate calculated between 2 points.
: the average between 2 instantaneous reaction rates.
Average Rate:
A constant of proportionality between the reaction rate and concentration of reactant
RATE CONSTANT
It remains constant regardless of the time point; it does not change over the course of the reaction.
RATE CONSTANT
The exponents x and y specify the relationships between the concentrations of reactants A and B and the reaction rate.
RATE LAW
For any reaction, the rate law must be determined experimentally
true or false
true
A _______reaction is one whose rate depends either on a reactant concentration raised to the second power on the concentrations of two reactants each raised to the first power
second-order