Solutions as dosage forms

Question 1

Types of pharmaceutical solution

Answer 1

Syrups, elixirs, spirits, aromatic water, colloidions, injections, lotions, irrigations

Question 2

Soution def.

Answer 2

Solute dissolved at a molecular level

Question 3

Solvent vehicle examples

Answer 3

Water
Alcohol
Gylcerol
Propylene Glycol

Question 4

Solvent excipients

Answer 4

Buffers
Density modifiers
Isotonicity modifiers
Viscosity enhancement
Preservatives
Reducing agents, anitoxidants
Sweetenig agents
Flavours
Colours

Question 5

Solvent excipients - buffers

Answer 5

Maintain pH

Question 6

Solvent excipients - density modifiers

Answer 6

Modify density to be relative to target eg spinal fluid

Dextrose

Question 7

Solvent excipients - Isotonicity modifiers

Answer 7

Create iso-osmoticity with tissue fluid
Added at last stage
Dextrose, NaCl

Question 8

Solvent excipients - Viscosity enhancers

Answer 8

Enhance viscosity characteristics

Question 9

Solvent excipients - Preservatives

Answer 9

Benzoic acid, sodium benzoate

Prevent microbe growth

Question 10

Solvent excipients - Reducing agents

Answer 10

Prevent oxidation of API

Question 11

Solvent excipients - Sweetening agents / flavour

Answer 11

More palatable

Question 12

Solvent excipients - Flavours & perfumes

Answer 12

salty - vanilla, apricot
Bitter - raspberry, chocolate
Sour - citrus
Sweet - vanilla, berries

Question 13

Oral dosage form adv & dis

Answer 13

Advantages Disadvantage
Easy to swallow Bulky and inconvenient
fast onset of action poor stability
Homogenous Microbes grow
Minimal gastric irritation Dose accuracies
taste is pronounced

Question 14

Solution routes

Answer 14

Skin
Ear
Eye
nasal
Rectal
Parenteral