Solutions and Transport Flashcards
the liquid doing the dissolving (usually water)
Solvent
The dissolved material (particles or gas)
Solute
Amount of solute in a given amount of solvent
Concentration
Difference in concentration between 2 areas of solution
Concentration gradient
2 Types of Cell Transport
Passive and Active Transport
2 Types of Passive Transport
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
2 Types of Diffusion
Simple and Facilitated
2 Types of Active Transport
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
What is the Main Principle of Cell Transport?
the process by which molecules spread from areas
of “high concentration, to areas of low concentration”
High -> Low Concentration
is the process by which molecules, atoms, or ions diffuse through a semipermeable membrane down their concentration gradient without the assistance of transporter proteins.
Simple Diffusion
When the molecules are even throughout a space - it is called
equilibrium
- is the passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane through specific transport proteins and requires no energy input
- Requires a carrier in membrane but not ATP
- Solute goes down concentration gradient
- Maximum transport speed depends on number of carrier
Facilitated Diffusion
True or False:
Insulin increases number of carriers for glucose in plasma membrane?
True
Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane:
* Permeable to solvent
* Impermeable to solute
Osmosis
3 Types of solutions surrounding human RBCs
- Isotonic Solution
- Hypotonic Solution
- Hypertonic Solution
The solution outside RBC has same concentration of solute as RBC: 0.9% NaCl
Isotonic
The solution outside of RBC has lower concentration: 0% NaCl → hemolysis
Hypotonic
The solution outside of RBC has higher concentration: 4% NaCl → crenation
Hypertonic
- Requires a carrier (called a pump) and energy (ATP)
- Can transport up a concentration gradient from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
- Critical for moving important ions
- Major active transport in most cells is (Na+ /K+ ) pump
- Reabsorption of glucose, amino acids and salts by the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron in the kidney
Active Transport
● Taking “in” large molecules by the cell
● importing materials into cell
● Phagocytosis = “phood”, taking in food particles
● Pinocytosis = liquid substances
Endocytosis
● Removing large particles (waste) from the cell
● Exporting materials out of the cell
Exocytosis
