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BIOCHEM > Inside the Cell > Flashcards

Inside the Cell Flashcards

1
Q
  • is the fluid that fills a cell
  • Cell contents
  • Gel-like mixture
  • Surrounded by cell membrane
  • Contains hereditary material
  • Includes organelles and cytosol
  • Excludes nucleus
A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q
  • Maintains shape of cell
  • Positions organelles
  • Changes cell shape
  • Includes: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
A

Cytoskeleton

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3
Q
  • is a small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way
  • are found in pairs and move towards the poles (opposite ends) of the nucleus when it is time for cell division
A

Centrioles

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4
Q

Are Two centrioles arranged perpendicular to each other

  • Composed of microtubules: 9 clusters of 3 (triplets)
A

Centrosome

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5
Q

Composed of tubulin that grows the mitotic spindle

A

Pericentriolar material

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6
Q

Function: moves chromosomes to ends of cell during cell division

A

Centrosome

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7
Q
  • Made within the nucleus (in nucleolus)
  • Sites of protein synthesis
  • Consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) + proteins
  • Contain large and small subunits
  • Can be attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytosol
A

Ribosomes

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8
Q

are Specialized for motion

A

Cilia and Flagella

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9
Q
  • single tail like structure on sperm
  • Propels sperm forward in reproductive tract
A

Flagellum

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10
Q
  • in groups
  • Found in respiratory system: move mucus
A

Cilia

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11
Q
  • Structure: network of folded membranes
  • Functions: synthesis, intracellular transport
A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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12
Q

The double membranes of smooth and rough ER form sacs called

A

cisternae

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13
Q

2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

o Rough ER
o Smooth ER

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14
Q

The Endoplasmic Reticulum that is studded with ribosomes (sites of protein synthesis)

A

o Rough ER

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15
Q

The Endoplasmic Reticulum that lacks ribosomes

A

o Smooth ER

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16
Q

Functions:
▪ lipid synthesis
▪ release of glucose in liver cells into bloodstream
▪ drug detoxification (especially in liver cells)

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

17
Q

Is in charge of storage and release of Ca2+ in muscle cells where smooth E.R. is known as?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum or SR

18
Q
  • Protein ‘packaging plant‘
  • was named after Camillo Golgi, an Italian biologist
A

Golgi Complex

19
Q
  • Structure: Flattened membranes (cisternae) with
    bulging edges (like stacks of pita bread)
  • Functions: gathers simple molecules and combines
    them to make molecules that are more complex
    o Move materials within and out of the cell
A

Golgi Complex

20
Q

▪ Modify proteins → glycoproteins and lipoproteins that:

▪ Become parts of plasma membranes, Are stored in lysosomes (cell digestion machines) or are exported by exocytosis.

A

Golgi Complex

21
Q

Contains digestive enzymes
* Digestive ‘plant’ for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
* Help in final processes of digestion within cells

A

Lysosome

22
Q

Carry out autophagy (destruction of worn out parts of cell) and death of old cells (autolysis)

A

Lysosome

23
Q

A hereditary disorder; one missing lysosomal enzyme leads to nerve destruction

A

Tay-Sachs

24
Q

True or False:

Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes?

A

True

25
Q

2 Types of Small Bodies

A

Peroxisomes
Proteasomes

26
Q

o hold on to enzymes that require oxygen
(oxidative enzymes)
o break down fatty acids, digest alcohol and protect cells against hydrogen peroxide
o detoxify; abundant in liver

A

Peroxisomes

27
Q

o digest unneeded or faulty protein
(proteolysis)
o Faulty proteins accumulate in brain cells in persons with Parkinson or Alzheimer disease

A

Proteasomes

28
Q

Structure:

  • Sausage-shaped with many folded membranes (cristae) and liquid matrix containing enzymes
  • Have some DNA, ribosomes (can make proteins)
A

Mitochondria

29
Q

Function:

  • Nutrient energy is released and trapped in ATP; so known as “power houses of cell”
  • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
  • Controls level of water and other materials in cell
  • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
A

Mitochondria

30
Q
  • Directs cell activities
  • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
  • Round or oval structure surrounded by nuclear
    envelope with nuclear pores
A

Nucleus

31
Q

makes ribosomes that pass into cytoplasm through nuclear pores

A

Nucleolus

32
Q

Store genetic material (DNA) in genes arranged in 46 chromosomes

A

Nucleus

33
Q

True or False:

DNA contains information for directing protein synthesis:
o In this cell
o In new cells (formed by cell reproduction)

A

True

34
Q

• is the suspension fluid that holds the cell’s chromatin and nucleolus
• It is not always present in the nucleus

A

Nucleoplasm

35
Q

True or False:

When the cell divides, the nuclear membrane dissolves and the nucleoplasm is released. After the cell nucleus has reformed, the nucleoplasm fills the space again?

A

True

36
Q

• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

A

Nuclear Membrane or Envelope

37
Q

• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build proteins

A

Nucleolus

BIOCHEM (4 decks)

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