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Chemistry 102 > Solutions and their Properties > Flashcards

Solutions and their Properties Flashcards

1
Q

What type of mixture is a solution

A

A homogeneous mixture

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2
Q

Homogeneous

A

No noticeable difference in a mixture.

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3
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of solutes dissolved in a given quantity of solvent

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4
Q

Intermolecular force

A

Forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules or atoms.

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5
Q

Miscible liquids

A

Completely soluble in each other

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6
Q

Hess’ Law

A

Endothermic reactions + exothermic reactions = overall reaction

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7
Q

When is enthalpy positive

A

Solute - solute mixtures

Solvent - solvent mixtures

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8
Q

When is enthalpy negative

A

Solute - solvent mixtures

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9
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Energy released; temperature increase

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10
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Energy used; temperature decreased

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11
Q

Molarity

A

moles of solute/ liters of solution

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12
Q

Mole fraction

A

moles of a component/ sum of moles in all components

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13
Q

Percent by mass *100%

A

mass of solute/ mass of solution

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14
Q

Molality

A

moles of solute/ mass of solvent (kg)

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15
Q

Solubility

A

Amount of solutes dissolved in a given volume of solution

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16
Q

Solubility and temperature

A

Temperature decease as solubility increase

17
Q

Solubility and pressure

A

Pressure increase when solubility increase

18
Q

Henry’s law

A

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution

19
Q

Henry’s law equation

A

molar concentration = constant * pressure

c=kP

20
Q

Raoult’s law

A

When a non-volatile solute is dissolved in a liquid, the vapor pressure exerted by the liquid decreases.

21
Q

Vapor pressure of solution is ________ than the pure liquid

A

lower

22
Q

Entropy

A

The amount of order or disorder in a thermodynamic system

23
Q

van’t Hoff factor

A

moles of solution/ moles of solutes dissolved

24
Q

Boiling point

A

The temperature of vapor pressure equals external atmospheric pressure.

25
Q

Solvent in a solution has a ______ entropy

A

higher

26
Q

Boiling/Freezing point molality

A

change in temperature/ bp (fp) elevation constant

27
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The amount of pressure needed to cause osmosis to stop

The amount of pressure necessary to achieve equilibrium.

28
Q

Osmotic pressure equation

A

o.p. = molarity * gas constant * temperature

29
Q

Hydration

A

The energy released when 1 mole of ion undergoes hydration

- water is added

Chemistry 102 (6 decks)

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