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T2 Chemistry > Solutions (acids and bases) > Flashcards

Solutions (acids and bases) Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for pH

A

-log(H+)

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2
Q

Equation for pOH

A

-log(OH-)

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3
Q

Equation for H+

A

10^-pH

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4
Q

Equation for OH-

A

10^-pOH

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5
Q

Formula for water at 25.c

A

1 x 10^-14

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6
Q

what is pH + pOH

A

14

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7
Q

what is H+ x OH-

A

10^-14

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8
Q

Trends of pH + H+

A

as the pH increases by 1 the H+ would decrease 10 fold

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9
Q

Trends of OH- +pH

A

as the pH increases by I the OH- would increase 10 fold

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10
Q

What is a buffer

A

resist changes in pH (even when a strong acid/base is added)

- a solution is buffered by the presence of a weak acid and its conjugate base

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11
Q

formula for buffer

A

HA +H20&raquo_space; H30+ + A-

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12
Q

Formula for buffer when with acid

A

H+ + A-&raquo_space;> HA
Acid combines with conjugate base or and the buffer
= becomes less acidic

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13
Q

example of strong acids

A
  • hydrochloric acid
  • sulfuric acid
  • hydrogen iodide
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14
Q

example of a base

A
  • NaOH (sodium hydroxie)
  • detergent
  • bicarbonate
  • Calcium Hydroxide
  • pottasium hydroxide
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15
Q

example of a weak acid

A 
CITRUS acid
acetic acid
hydrofluoric acid
carbonic acid
phosphoric acid
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16
Q

what is the arrhenius concept of acids and bases

A 
acid= hydrogen ion donor
base= hydroxide ion donor
17
Q

bronsted-lowry model concept

A 
acid= proton donor (H+)
base= proton acceptor (H+)
18
Q

HA +H20&raquo_space; H30+ + A-

A

acid +base&raquo_space;» conjugate acid + conjugate base

19
Q

H20= H+ + OH-

A

behaves like an acid

20
Q

H+ + H20 = H3O+

A

behaves like a base

21
Q

what does amphoteric mean

A

a chemical which can behave both as an acid and base

example: water

22
Q

what do you do to an acid to get its conjugate base

A

remove H+

23
Q

What do you do to a base to get its conjugate acid

A

add H+

24
Q

what is a strong acid

A
  • complete dissociation: strength of an acid
  • forward reaction dominates
  • H2O attracts the H+ fire tab the acid abut (A-)
25
Q

what is a weak acid

A
  • partial dissociation (some forward reaction)
  • reverse reaction dominates
  • A- > H20

-acid anion is stronger than the proton

26
Q

strong acid

A

weak conjugate base

27
Q

weak acid

A

strong conjugate base

28
Q

explain ‘like dissolves like’

A
  • polar substances only dissolve in polar substances

- non-polar with non-polar

29
Q

what does a buffer solution consist of

A

weak acid and its conjugate base

30
Q

why can solution with acids or bases conduct electricity

A

because of the freely moving ions

T2 Chemistry (8 decks)

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