Solutions (acids and bases) Flashcards
Equation for pH
-log(H+)
Equation for pOH
-log(OH-)
Equation for H+
10^-pH
Equation for OH-
10^-pOH
Formula for water at 25.c
1 x 10^-14
what is pH + pOH
14
what is H+ x OH-
10^-14
Trends of pH + H+
as the pH increases by 1 the H+ would decrease 10 fold
Trends of OH- +pH
as the pH increases by I the OH- would increase 10 fold
What is a buffer
resist changes in pH (even when a strong acid/base is added)
- a solution is buffered by the presence of a weak acid and its conjugate base
formula for buffer
HA +H20»_space; H30+ + A-
Formula for buffer when with acid
H+ + A-»_space;> HA
Acid combines with conjugate base or and the buffer
= becomes less acidic
example of strong acids
- hydrochloric acid
- sulfuric acid
- hydrogen iodide
example of a base
- NaOH (sodium hydroxie)
- detergent
- bicarbonate
- Calcium Hydroxide
- pottasium hydroxide
example of a weak acid
CITRUS acid acetic acid hydrofluoric acid carbonic acid phosphoric acid
what is the arrhenius concept of acids and bases
acid= hydrogen ion donor base= hydroxide ion donor
bronsted-lowry model concept
acid= proton donor (H+) base= proton acceptor (H+)
HA +H20»_space; H30+ + A-
acid +base»_space;» conjugate acid + conjugate base
H20= H+ + OH-
behaves like an acid
H+ + H20 = H3O+
behaves like a base
what does amphoteric mean
a chemical which can behave both as an acid and base
example: water
what do you do to an acid to get its conjugate base
remove H+
What do you do to a base to get its conjugate acid
add H+
what is a strong acid
- complete dissociation: strength of an acid
- forward reaction dominates
- H2O attracts the H+ fire tab the acid abut (A-)
what is a weak acid
- partial dissociation (some forward reaction)
- reverse reaction dominates
- A- > H20
-acid anion is stronger than the proton
strong acid
weak conjugate base
weak acid
strong conjugate base
explain ‘like dissolves like’
- polar substances only dissolve in polar substances
- non-polar with non-polar
what does a buffer solution consist of
weak acid and its conjugate base
why can solution with acids or bases conduct electricity
because of the freely moving ions
