Solutions

Question 1

Define solvent, solute, solution, electrolyte, dilute, and concentrated:

Answer 1

Solvent: substance that dissolves
Solute: substance that’s being dissolved
Solution: homogeneous mixture of solvent and solute
Electrolyte: compound that dissolves and dissociates into ions
Dilute: little solute in a given amount of solvent
Concentrated: lots of solute in a given solvent

Question 2

List the four methods that can be used to increase the rate of a solution(solubility):

Answer 2

1. Increase temp.
2. Increase Surface Temp.
3. Stir
4. Add a crystal

Question 3

What is the equation to find morality?

Answer 3

(solute in term of mol) / (solvent in terms of L) = # of M

Question 4

What is the equation to find Percent in Mass & Percent in Volume?

Answer 4

• (volume of solute) / (volume of solution(solvent+solute)) x 100 = % by volume
• (mass of solute) / (mass of solution(solvent+solute)) x 100 = % by mass

Question 5

What does the expression “like dissolves like” mean?

Answer 5

• polar solvent dissolves polar solute
• non-polar solvent dissolves non-polar solute
• metal dissolves metal

Question 6

Why is water called the universal solvent?

Answer 6

it can dissolve most ionic and polar substances

Question 7

The solubility of solid will _____ with increasing temp., but gas will _____ when temp. increases.

Answer 7

• increase

- decrease

Question 8

Explain the following terms:
Under-saturated
Saturated
Over-saturated

Answer 8

• Under-saturated: less than max amount of solute that can fit in a given solvent
• Saturated: max amount of solute that can fit in a given solvent
• Over-saturated: more than max amount of solute that can fit in a given solvent

Question 9

How can you tell a molecular compound is an electrolyte or not?

Answer 9

• if it’s an ionic compound then it will be an electrolyte
• you can tell if it’s an ionic compound if the compound contains a metal and non-metal or if it has an eletronegativity difference more than 1.4.