Solutions

Question 1

Appearance of solutions

Answer 1

Homogenous solutions are unified and we can not distinguish between the solute and solvent. (Coffe)

hetrogenuse solutions not unified, we can see solut particales(lemonade)

Question 2

Partical size of solution

Answer 2

True solutions - less than 1nm parical aize of solut (mineral water)

colloida solution - between 1 to 1000 no “…” (blood plasma, milk)

suspension solution- bigger than 1000 no “…“(lemonade)

Question 3

Saturation of solution

Answer 3

Saturated homogenuse but addition os salute will result in precipitation.

un saturated solution with meaning full solut consecration but we can add more solute without forming precision.

pilute solution a solution with meaningless solute consternation (more fraction =ish zero)

Question 4

Forces in solvation

Answer 4

The porces of creating a solution = electro static interactions between solute and solvent molecules reasolting in solution.
like dissolve like.(hydration and lattic)

hydration- the energy of water molecules to attract the ions away from each other.

lattice- the energy of a ion to stay together . The higher is the ionic charge the higher is the lattice.

Hydration energy > lattice energy ~hydration is successful

once the ions separate each will be sourranded by water molecules > soultabiliy of water is ireaversible.

.

Question 5

Soultabilitly of sugar

Answer 5

Sugars and other polar covalent molecules like amino acids are not broken down like souls , but they are saulible in water since hydration sphere is formed.

Question 6

Factors effecting solubility

Answer 6

Concentration increase solute concentration > deacreses the solubility.

pressure only when the solute is a Gas. increase in pressure > increase solubility. According to Henry’s law c= kP (C solubility K constant P gas pressure )

temperature

endothermic solut + solvent + heat > solution increase in temp will increase solubility.
exothermic solut + solvent > solution +heat increase in tem decrease solubility.

Question 7

Solution of gas in gas

Dalton’s law

Answer 7

N₂ 78.8 %
O₂ 20.23%

CO₂ 0.03 %

gases constantly move and apply pressure. According to Dalton’s law the total pressure is equal to the sum of all partial pressures. This is what the pressure of the air is 1 ATM .

• *Exhibit exotermic reaction** and that why are more soluble in low temperatures.
• *STP** 273.15 kalvin on 1 ATM

Question 8

Ideal gas law

Answer 8

PV =nRT

R= constant 8.314