Solutions Flashcards
Solvent-
Part of a solution present in the largest amount.
A well-mixed mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute is called a _________.
Solution
Solute-
A substance present in a solution in abolition in a smaller amount.
In a solution, the _______ is dissolved by the _____________.
Solute
Solvent
Why is water called the universal solvent?
Because water dissolves so many substances.
What are affects of solutes on solutions?
- solutes raise the boiling point of a solvent.
- the temp must drop lower then 0 degrees Celsius for water to freeze when a solute is dissolved in water.
- antifreeze boils at a lower temp than pure water.
Dilute solution-
A mixture that only has a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent.
Concentrated solution-
One that has a lot of solute dissolved in the solvent.
Solubility-
Is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in s solvent at a given temp.
Saturated solution-
When you have added so much solute that no more dissolves.
Supersaturated solution-
Has more dissolved solute than is predicted by it’s solubility at a given temp.
A mixture that has so much solute that no more will dissolve is called a ___________________.
Saturated solution.
A mixture in which more solute can can be can be dissolved is called an ______________.
Unsaturated solution
What are 3 factors that affect the solubility?
- Pressure
- Type of solvent
- Temperature
The higher the pressure of gas, the ______ has can dissolve in a solvent.
More
True or false?
Nonpolar compounds dissolve in polar solvents.
False
What is true about temperature and solubility?
- most solids become more soluble as the temp goes up.
- most gases become less soluble as the temp goes up.
- carbon dioxide dissolved better in cold water than in hot water.
Valence electrons-
Electrons that have the highest energy level and are held most loosely.
Atomic number-
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
period-
The row of elements across the periodic table.
Group-
Elements in the same column.
Family-
Elements in the same column.
___________ are those electrons that are held most loosely in an atom.
Valence
True or false?
The # of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines the ways in which the atom can bond.
True
True not false?
When atoms form bonds,electrons may be transferred or shared between atoms.
True
How are elements represented in the periodic table?
By a symbol.
The ____________ of an element is the # of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic number
What is a row of elements across the periodic table called?
A period.
Describe how atomic # changes across the periodic table.
It increased on at a time across a period of elements from smallest to largest.
What are elements in the same column called?
A group or family.
Elements within a group always have the same # of __________ ___________.
Valence electrons.
How is the periodic table organized?
In the order of increasing atomic mass.
Describe how the # of electrons changes across a period of elements?
As the # of of protons change, the # of electrons also change.
What is the greatest # of valence electrons an atom can have?
8
Matter-
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Element-
Simplest pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance.
Compound-
Pure substance made of 2 or more elements that are combined chemically in a special ratio.
Mixture-
2 or more substances that are in the same place but not chemically combined.
Atom-
Smallest particle of an element.
Electron-
Negatively charged particle in an atom.
Nucleus-
Positively charged region in the center of an atom.
Proton-
Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.
• 7
• N • N
• • Nitrogen
Atomic #?
# of protons?
Valence electrons?
Reactive or stable
Metal or nonmetal?Atomic #= 7 7 protons 5 valence electrons Reactive, doesn't have 8 valence electrons. Nonmetal.
An atoms ___________ ____________ are those that have the highest energy level.
Valence electrons.
The force of attraction that holds 2 atoms together is called a __________ __________.
Chemical bond.
Evaporation-
The liquid evaporates and a solid residue is left behind.
* salt water
Distillation-
Two step process:
- Heats a solution to change one part into a gas
- Cools the gas/vapor to liquid form and collects it.
Filtration-
The use of a funnel and filter paper to separate a solid from a liquid. The liquid passes through the filter paper and is called gilt rated. The solid remains in the filter paper and is called residue.
* coffee
Sifting-
Using a sieve, different sized substances can be separated.
Magnetism-
A magnet can be used to remove metal from non-metallic substances.
