Solutions

Question 0

Solvent-

Answer 0

Part of a solution present in the largest amount.

Question 1

A well-mixed mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute is called a _________.

Answer 1

Solution

Question 2

Solute-

Answer 2

A substance present in a solution in abolition in a smaller amount.

Question 3

In a solution, the _______ is dissolved by the _____________.

Answer 3

Solute

Solvent

Question 4

Why is water called the universal solvent?

Answer 4

Because water dissolves so many substances.

Question 5

What are affects of solutes on solutions?

Answer 5

• solutes raise the boiling point of a solvent.
• the temp must drop lower then 0 degrees Celsius for water to freeze when a solute is dissolved in water.
• antifreeze boils at a lower temp than pure water.

Question 6

Dilute solution-

Answer 6

A mixture that only has a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent.

Question 7

Concentrated solution-

Answer 7

One that has a lot of solute dissolved in the solvent.

Question 8

Solubility-

Answer 8

Is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in s solvent at a given temp.

Question 9

Saturated solution-

Answer 9

When you have added so much solute that no more dissolves.

Question 10

Supersaturated solution-

Answer 10

Has more dissolved solute than is predicted by it’s solubility at a given temp.

Question 11

A mixture that has so much solute that no more will dissolve is called a ___________________.

Answer 11

Saturated solution.

Question 12

A mixture in which more solute can can be can be dissolved is called an ______________.

Answer 12

Unsaturated solution

Question 13

What are 3 factors that affect the solubility?

Answer 13

1. Pressure
2. Type of solvent
3. Temperature

Question 14

The higher the pressure of gas, the ______ has can dissolve in a solvent.

Answer 14

More

Question 15

True or false?

Nonpolar compounds dissolve in polar solvents.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What is true about temperature and solubility?

Answer 16

• most solids become more soluble as the temp goes up.
• most gases become less soluble as the temp goes up.
• carbon dioxide dissolved better in cold water than in hot water.

Question 17

Valence electrons-

Answer 17

Electrons that have the highest energy level and are held most loosely.

Question 18

Atomic number-

Answer 18

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 19

period-

Answer 19

The row of elements across the periodic table.

Question 20

Group-

Answer 20

Elements in the same column.

Question 21

Family-

Answer 21

Elements in the same column.

Question 22

___________ are those electrons that are held most loosely in an atom.

Answer 22

Valence

Question 23

True or false?

The # of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines the ways in which the atom can bond.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True not false?

When atoms form bonds,electrons may be transferred or shared between atoms.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

How are elements represented in the periodic table?

Answer 25

By a symbol.

Question 26

The ____________ of an element is the # of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 26

Atomic number

Question 27

What is a row of elements across the periodic table called?

Answer 27

A period.

Question 28

Describe how atomic # changes across the periodic table.

Answer 28

It increased on at a time across a period of elements from smallest to largest.

Question 29

What are elements in the same column called?

Answer 29

A group or family.

Question 30

Elements within a group always have the same # of __________ ___________.

Answer 30

Valence electrons.

Question 31

How is the periodic table organized?

Answer 31

In the order of increasing atomic mass.

Question 32

Describe how the # of electrons changes across a period of elements?

Answer 32

As the # of of protons change, the # of electrons also change.

Question 33

What is the greatest # of valence electrons an atom can have?

Answer 33

8

Question 34

Matter-

Answer 34

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Question 35

Element-

Answer 35

Simplest pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance.

Question 36

Compound-

Answer 36

Pure substance made of 2 or more elements that are combined chemically in a special ratio.

Question 37

Mixture-

Answer 37

2 or more substances that are in the same place but not chemically combined.

Question 38

Atom-

Answer 38

Smallest particle of an element.

Question 39

Electron-

Answer 39

Negatively charged particle in an atom.

Question 40

Nucleus-

Answer 40

Positively charged region in the center of an atom.

Question 41

Proton-

Answer 41

Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 42

•                      7
•    N  •                N
      •   •           Nitrogen
Atomic #?
# of protons?
Valence electrons?
Reactive or stable
Metal or nonmetal?

Answer 42

Atomic #= 7
7 protons
5 valence electrons
Reactive, doesn't have 8 valence electrons.
Nonmetal.

Question 43

An atoms ___________ ____________ are those that have the highest energy level.

Answer 43

Valence electrons.

Question 44

The force of attraction that holds 2 atoms together is called a __________ __________.

Answer 44

Chemical bond.

Question 45

Evaporation-

Answer 45

The liquid evaporates and a solid residue is left behind.

* salt water

Question 46

Distillation-

Answer 46

Two step process:

1. Heats a solution to change one part into a gas
2. Cools the gas/vapor to liquid form and collects it.

Question 47

Filtration-

Answer 47

The use of a funnel and filter paper to separate a solid from a liquid. The liquid passes through the filter paper and is called gilt rated. The solid remains in the filter paper and is called residue.
* coffee

Question 48

Sifting-

Answer 48

Using a sieve, different sized substances can be separated.

Question 49

Magnetism-

Answer 49

A magnet can be used to remove metal from non-metallic substances.