Solutions Flashcards
Hydrogen chalcogenides
- H2X, are triatomic molecules with a chalcogen, bent molecular
configuration, and the presence of lone electron pairs that cause a deviation in the tetrahedral
bond angle - attaining the ability to act as a solvent able to solvate a
solute. The bent structure and uneven charge distribution give rise to the dipole moment of water,
which it uses to solvate the molecule by aligning its charge to both negative ions and polar
molecules
Because of its polarity, water forms:
- electrostatic interactions with other polar molecules and ions, and solutions contain two or more types of molecules that, when combined, are homogenously (evenly) distributed across the system
At low solute concentrations
- there is a greater abundance of water than solute; when this is the case, water forms a hydration shell
around the solute, forming a clear
solution. - When the attractive
forces holding the solute particles
together are weaker than their
water attraction, solvation occurs
when water molecules completely
hydrate the surface, forming a
hydration shell.
what is a hydration shell
A hydration shell is the layer of solvent molecules that surround a solute molecule in a solution.
What allows solute molecules to diffuse in a solution?
Brownian motion enables solute molecules to diffuse and keep apart in a solution.
In a solution, which molecules are more abundant, solvent or solute?
Solvent molecules exceed solute molecules in a solution.
What limits the solubility of solute in a solution?
All solvent-solute combinations have a solute concentration limit to their solubility.
How does temperature affect solubility?
Increasing temperature raises the solubility threshold, allowing more solute to be dissolved.
What is the characteristic of a clear solution regarding particle size?
Solutions remain clear with no particles larger than the diffraction limit of light.
