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Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems Lec > Solutions > Flashcards

Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

The maximum concentration of the solute dissolved in that particular solvent

A

Solubility of solute in particular solvent

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2
Q

Factors affecting solubility

A

⚫ Temperature
⚫ Pressure
⚫ pH of solution
⚫ State of division of solute/particle size
⚫ Physical agitation
⚫ Physicochemical properties of the solute &
solve

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3
Q

Solubility of solute in particular solvent

A

The maximum concentration of the solute dissolved in that particular solvent

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4
Q

results in the liberation of solute
molecules from the solid phase to the liquid phase

A

Interfacial tension

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5
Q

solute molecules must migrate through the boundary layers surrounding the crystal to the bulk of solution

A

Migration

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6
Q

involves a phase change so that
molecules of solid become molecules of solute in the solvent in which the crystal is dissolving

A

Interfacial Tension

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7
Q

a process of relocation of solute molecules from an environment where they are surrounded by other identical molecules

A

Dissolution

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8
Q

static or slowmoving layers of liquid that surround all
solid surfaces that are surrounded by liquid
that inhibit the movement of solute
molecules from the surface of the solid to
the bulk of the solution

A

Boundary Layer

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9
Q

Rate of Diffusion

A

obeys Fick’s Law of Diffusion

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10
Q

Fick’s Law of Diffusion

A

states that the rate of change in
concentration of dissolved material with time is directly proportional to the concentration difference between the two sides of the diffusion layer

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11
Q

Rate of Dissolution obeys

A

Noyes-Whitney Equation

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12
Q

Noyes Whitney Equation

A

the rate of mass transfer of solute
molecules or ions through a static
diffusion layer is directly proportional to
the area available for molecular or ionic
migration, the concentration difference
across the boundary layer; and is
inversely proportional to the thickness of
the boundary layer

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13
Q

Solvents in Liquid Preparations

A

Alcohol
Diluted Alcohol
Rubbing Alcohol
Glycerin
Glycerol
Propylene Glycol
Purified Water

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14
Q

When are non-aqn solvents used?

A

Used when drug is insufficiently soluble in aqueous systems or when certain properties, like prolonged release, are desired

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15
Q

How to enhance solubility?

A
  1. adjust pH
  2. cosolvency with glycerol, propylene glycol, ehtanol, low MW PEGs
  3. complexation with cyclodextrins
  4. surfactants and micelles, take note cmc and mac
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16
Q

Oral Solutions and preparations

A

⦿ Dry mixtures for Solutions
⦿ Oral Solutions
⦿ Oral Rehydration Solutions
⦿ Oral Colonic Lavage Solution
⦿ Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution
⦿ Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid Oral Solution

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17
Q

Concentrated aqueous preparations of a
sugar or sugar substitute with or without
flavoring agents and medicinal
substances

A

Syrup

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18
Q

Components of Syrup

A

H20, medicinal ,agent, colorant, flavorant, preservatives, sugar

19
Q

The most frequently employed sugar in syrups

A

sucrose

20
Q

Preparation MEthods of Syrup

A

⚫ Solution of ingredients with the aid of heat
⚫ Solution of ingredients by agitation without the
use of heat or simple admixture
⚫ Addition of sucrose to a prepared medicated
liquid/flavored vehicle
⚫ Percolation of either source of medication or of
the sucrose

21
Q

Clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use and are usually flavored to enhance their palatability

A

Elixirs

22
Q

Less sweet and less viscous to syrup and contains 10 to 12# alcohol

A

Elixifs

23
Q

Preparation Methods

A

Simple solution with agitation. Admixture of 2 more liquid ingredients

24
Q

Example of Elixirs

A

Antihistamine
Barbiturate
GHypnotic
Phenobarbital
Digoxin

25
Q

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances.
⦿ Alcohol content: ranges from 15% - 80%
⦿ Stored in light-resistant containers

A

Tincutre

26
Q

Camphorated tincture of
opium

A

Paregoric with 0.4% opium

27
Q

Opium Tincutre synonym

A

Laudanum, more potent 10%

28
Q

Green Soap Tincture

A

podofyllin for genital warts

29
Q

Iodine Tincture

A

2% I, 2.4% NaI 🡪 NaI3

30
Q

Compound Benzoin Tincture (protectant)

A

10% benzoin, 24% aloe, storax, and Tolu balsam

31
Q

Thimerosal Tincture

A

⚫ Colored orange red and has greenish fluorescence
⚫ Used for cuts, abrasions, and presurgical antiseptics

32
Q

It may be defined as aqueous or
oleaginous solutions in the form of
coarse droplets or as finely divided
solids to be applied topically, most
usually to the nasopharyngeal tract or
topically (sunburn, anesthetic, skin
protectant, antipruritic, throat spray,
antifungal).

A

Sprays

33
Q

Coal Tar TS

A

(liqour carbonis detergens,
liquor picis carbonis) - antieczema

34
Q

dispense in powder or liquid
form to be dissolved in water

A

Douche

35
Q

used for irrigative cleansing

A

vaginnal douche

36
Q

⚫ Administered rectally for local or systemic absorption.
⚫ Hydrocortisone, aminophylline

A

Retention enemas

37
Q

Used to cleanse the bowel

A

Evacuation Enemas

38
Q

also known as medicated waters

A

aromatic waters

39
Q

clear, aqueous solutions saturated with volatile oils or other
aromatic or volatile substances

A

Aromatic Waters

40
Q

aqueous solutions
prepared by diluting the corresponding
concentrated acids with purified water.

A

Diluted Acids are

41
Q

liquid preparations composed of pyroxylin dissolved in
solvent mixture usually composed of alcohol and ether with or without added
medicinal substances

A

Coolodion

42
Q

Prepared by adding 2% camphor and 3% castor oil
to collodion

A

Flexible collodion

43
Q
A
44
Q
A

Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems Lec (5 decks)

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