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Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems Lec > Semi-Solid Dosage Forms and Transdermal Delivery Systems > Flashcards

Semi-Solid Dosage Forms and Transdermal Delivery Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Types of semisolid dosage forms intended for topical application

A

creams, gel, and ointments

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2
Q

T/F. Topical Preparations are used for both local and systemic effects.

A

True

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3
Q

product designed to deliver drug into the skin in treating dermal disorders, with the skin as the target organ

A

Topical dermatological product

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4
Q

product is designed to deliver drugs through the skin (percutaneous absorption) to the general circulation for systemic effects, with the skin not being the target organ

A

transdermal product

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5
Q

Semisolid preparations intended for external to the skin or mucous membranes
+ may be medicated or not
+ unmedicated: emollient, protectant, lubricant

A

ointments

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6
Q

Ointment bases.
+ also known as hydrocarbon bases
+ effective as occlusive dressings

A

Oleaginous bases

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7
Q

Examples of Oleaginous bases

A

Petrolatum
White Petrolatum
White Ointment
Yellow Ointment

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8
Q

Other names for petrolatum

A

Yellow petrolatum
Petroleum Jelly

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9
Q

White Petrolatum

A

White Petroleum jelly
White soft paraffin
Vaseline

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10
Q

Yellow Ointment is obtained from

A

APIS MELLIFERA

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11
Q

2 types of Absorption bases

A
  1. Anhydrous bases
  2. w/o emulsions (emulsion bases) and permit the incorporation of small additional quantities of aqueous solutions
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12
Q

bases that permit the incorporation of aqueous solutions, resulting in the formation of w/o emulsions. These absorption bases are anhydrous vehicles composed of a hydrocarbon base and an additive

A

Anhydrous (Absorption base) `

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13
Q

Example of Absorption bases

A

Hydrophilic Petrolatum, Aquaphor, Aquabase, Eucerin Lanolin (Anhydrous lanolin)

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14
Q

also known as water - washable base
+ o/w resembling creams
+ absorb serous discharge

A

Water Removable Bases

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15
Q

Example of WaR base in Ointment

A

Hydrophilic ointment

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16
Q

often referred as greaseless
do not have oleaginous components
+ example: PEG

A

water - soluble bases

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17
Q

How to select appropriate Ointment bases?

A
  • Desired release rate of the drug substance from the ointment base
  • Desirability of topical or percutaneous drug absorption
  • Desirability of occlusion of moisture from the skin
  • Stability of the drug in the ointment base
  • Effect, if any, of the drug on the consistency or other features of the
    ointment base
  • Desire for a base easily removed by washing with water
  • Characteristics of the surface to which it is applied
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18
Q

Where is ointment generally applied to?

A

Dry, Scaly skin

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19
Q

Where is cream generally applied to?

A

Weeping or oozing surfaces

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20
Q

Where is lotion generally applied to?

A

Intertriginous areas

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21
Q

Prep of Oint.
+ Components are mixed until uniform prep is attained
+ rubber/silicone spatula is used if drug reacts to metals

A

Incorporation

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22
Q

What to used during incorporations

A

Parchment paper, Ointmnet Slab. Unguator

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23
Q

Fusion

A

All or some of the components of an ointment are combined by being melted together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed
+ heat labile substances and any volatile substance are added last

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24
Q

Compendial Requirements for Ointments

A
  • Microbial Content
  • Minimum Fill
  • Packaging (large-mouth jars, metal or plastic tubes)
  • Storage
  • Labeling
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25
Q

Semisolid preparations containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either a W/O emulsion or an oil-in-water emulsion or in another type of water-washable base

A

Pharmaceutical Creams

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26
Q

O/W emulsions containing large percentages of water and stearic acid or other oleaginous component; evaporation → thin residue film of stearic acid/oleaginous components

A

Vanishing Creams

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27
Q

Semisolid systems consisting of dispersions of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jellylike by the addition of gelling agent

A

Gels

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28
Q

also known as jellies

A

Gels

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29
Q

Type of gel where macromolecules are uniformly distributed throughout a liquid with no apparent boundaries between the dispersed macromolecules and the liquid

A

Single phase gel

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30
Q

Type of gel where a gel mass consisting of floccules of small distinct particles. Often referred to as Magmas.

A

Two phase gels

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31
Q
  • Semisolid preparations intended for application to the skin.
  • Generally contain larger proportion of solid material (25%) than ointments→ stiffer
  • Not suited for application to hairy parts of the body
A

Pastes

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32
Q

Example and other name for that paste

A

Zinc Oxide Paste (Lassar’s Plain Zinc Paste)

33
Q

Solid/semisolid adhesive masses spread upon a backing material of paper, fabric, moleskin or plastic
+ applied to skin to provide prolong contact at site

A

Plasters

34
Q

Example of Plasters

A

Salicylic Acid Plasters

35
Q

Components of glycerogelatins

A

Gelatin (15%)
Glycerin (40%)
Water (35%)
Medicinal Substances (10%)

36
Q

Glycerogelatins are melted before application. It is applied by a brush. How long is applied in the skin?

A

For a long time

37
Q

Example of Glycerogelatins

A

Zinc glycerogelatin

38
Q

Where is zinc glycerogelatin used for?

A

varicose ulcers

39
Q

Package. Made of clear or opaque glass or plastic. Some are colored green, amber, or blue

A

Ointment Jars

40
Q

Used for light-sensitive products, are porcelain white, dark green or amber

A

Opaque Jars

41
Q

Made of aluminum or plastic (HDPE or LDPE or a blend of PP, PET)
+ for opthalmic, nasal, vaginal , rectal products

A

Ointment tubes

42
Q

Examples of Gelling agents

A

CMC, HPMC, carbomers, tragacanth

43
Q

facilitate the passage of therapeutic quantities of drug
substances thru the skin and into the general circulation for their
systemic effects

A

Transdermal Drug Delivery System

44
Q

First transdermal system

A

Scopolamine patch

45
Q

Types of TDDS

A

Microneedles
Iontophoresis
Sonophoresis
Electroporation
Transdermal Patches
Absorption Enhancers

46
Q

What skin layer behaves as a semipermeable membrane and drug moleceules can penetrate through passive diffusion?

A

Stratum Corneum

47
Q

Percentage of Protein and Water in SC

A

40% protein
40% water

48
Q

Factors affecting drug movement across percutaneous skin layer

A

drug concentration in the vehicle aqueous solubility
oil–water partition coefficient between the stratum corneum and the product’s
vehicle
conditions of the skin

49
Q

Transepidermal penetration

A

penetration through SC

50
Q

Transappedegeal penetration

A

via appendages i.e. eccrine ducts and hair follicles

51
Q

Types of transepidermal penetration

A

Intracellular
Intercellular

52
Q

Penetration Sites for Percutaneous Absorption

A
  • Between the cells of stratum corneum
  • Through the walls of the hair follicles
  • Through sweat glands
  • Through sebaceous glands
  • Through cells of stratum corneum
53
Q

Factors Affecting PA

A

Drug Formulation
Patient Factor
Miscellaneous Factor

54
Q

Increases skin permeability by reversibly damaging or altering the physicochemical nature of the SC to reduce its diffusional resistance

A

Chemical Enhancers

55
Q

How do chemical enhancers alter physicochemical nature of SC?

A

hydration, structural change, or denaturation of SC

56
Q

Types of Chemical Enhancers

A

Acetone
azone
ethanol
oleic acid
dimethylsulfoxide
propylene glycol
glycerin
PEG
urea
dimethylacetamide
sodium lauryl sulfate
poloxamers
Spans
Tweens
lecithin
terpenes

57
Q

delivery of a charged chemical compound across the
skin membrane using an electrical field

A

Iontophoresis

58
Q

also known as high frequency ultrasound

A

Sonophoresis

59
Q

used where the semisolid dosage form is placed on a membrane → drug is released from the dosage form and passes through the membrane into the receptor solution where it is sampled and analyzed for content

A

Franz diffusion cell

60
Q

the drug matrix layer composed of polymeric material in which the drug is dispersed is found between the backing and frontal layer

A

Monolithic systems

61
Q

designed to contain a
drug reservoir, or pouch, usually in liquid or gel form; a rate-controlling
membrane; and backing, adhesive, and protecting layers

A

Membrane controlled TS

62
Q

Transdermal Scopolamine

A

Transderm Scop

63
Q

Transdermal Clonidine

A

Catapres

64
Q

Transdermal Nicotine

A

NicoDerm CQ

65
Q

Transdermal Estradiol

A

Estraderm

66
Q

Transdermal NTG

A

Deponit

67
Q

Transdermal Testosterone

A

Testoderm

68
Q

Transdermal Contraceptive System

A

Norelgestromin, ethinyl astradiol

69
Q

Trandermal Methylphenidate

A

tx ADHD

70
Q

Lidocaine patch (for pain associated with
postherpetic neuralgia

A

patches

71
Q

Solid DFs designated to be inserted under the
skin of special injections or by surgery to provide continuous long drug
therapy thru slow release of medication

A

Subdermal implants

72
Q

Implant protection from pregnancy

A

Norplant system of levonorgestrel implants

73
Q

It consists of a drug that is impregnated into a flexible, durable woven fabric or extruded synthetic material that is coated with an
adhesive agent.

A

Tapes

74
Q

Animals tested in Percutaneous Absorption Models (in Vivo)

A

Weaning Pig, Rhesus Monkey, Hairless Mouse or Rat

75
Q

What to verify and quantify first in PA Models (in vivo)?

A

Cutaneous bioavailability
Systemic bioavailability

76
Q

Drug diffusion in PA Models in vitro is determined through

A

Periodic sampling
assay of the drug content in receptor solution

77
Q

Matrix that controls the rate at which the drug is released

A

Polymer Matrix in Monolithic Systems

78
Q
A

Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems Lec (5 decks)

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