Solution Equilibria

Question 1

Solubility of a substance

Answer 1

How much (mass/moles) of the substance dissolves in a specific volume, usually 1 L, of a
solvent.

Question 2

saturated solution

Answer 2

The a solvent has been added to the solute with finite solubility in an amount exceeding its solubility, resulting in a heterogeneous mixture of the saturated solution and the excess, undissolved solute.

Question 3

Special case: an “insoluble” ionic compound in aqueous solution

Answer 3

• is actually slightly soluble in aqueous solution
  –> We assume that the very small amount of such a
  compound that dissolves will dissociate completely.

Question 4

When the solution is saturated, the system is at…

Answer 4

… equilibrium, and Qsp = Ksp, the

Solubility Product constant.

Question 5

What is Ksp proportional to?

Answer 5

Ksp is proportional to the solubility, as long as we compare compounds that have the same
total number of ions in their formulas

Question 6

Qsp = Ksp

Answer 6

system is at equilibrium

Question 7

Qsp > Ksp

Answer 7

Salt will precipitate (product will form)

Question 8

Qsp < Ksp

Answer 8

Salt will dissolve to form ions (reactants will form)

Question 9

What is a Lewis base?

Answer 9

A Lewis base is any species that donates an electron pair to form a bond.

Question 10

What is a Lewis acid?

Answer 10

A Lewis acid is any species that accepts an electron pair to form a bond.

Question 11

What is an adduct, by Lewis’s definition?

Answer 11

Covalent bond between a Lewis acid and a Lewis base

Question 12

What does a Lewis base need to have in order to donate electrons?

Answer 12

A Lewis base must have a lone pair of electrons to donate.

Question 13

What does a Lewis acid need to have in order to accept electrons?

Answer 13

A Lewis acid must have a vacant orbital (or be able to rearrange its
bonds to form one) to accept a lone pair and form a new bond.

-note: Many substances that are not Brønsted-Lowry acids are Lewis acids.