Solution and suspension Flashcards
What are mixtures
Combinations of two or more substances which are not chemically joined together. Each chemical has their own chemical and physical properties
What is homogeneous mixture
A mixture that has a uniform appearance throughout
Descriptions of homogeneous mixture
The physical and chemical properties are same in every part of the mixture.
They are generally called solutions.
The components are not distinguishable
What is a heterogeneous mixture
A mixture that does not have the same composition and appearance throughout
Descriptions of heterogeneous mixture
the physical and chemical properties are not the same in every part of the mixture
They have visible diff phases or physical states
The components are distinguishable
What is a solution
A solution is a mixture consisting of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly throughout
What is a solute
It is a substance that is dissolved in another substance
What is a solvent
It is a substance that dissolves another substance
What is dissolving
Process in which particles of substance separate and spread evenly throughout the mixture
How to identify the physical state of the solution based on the state of solute and solvent
The state of the solution is the same as the state of the solvent
What is water
It is the universal solvent because there are many substances that can dissolve in it.
Characteristics of aqueous solution
- cannot be filtered, no residue left on filter paper when filtration is carried out
- clear and transparent, allows light to pass through
- when left to stand, no particles sink to the bottom of the container
Why is there no residue when a solution is filtered
The particles of the solute are so small that they are able to pass through the solution
Why is light able to pass through a solution
The particles of the solute are too small to block any light passing through the solution
What is a suspension
A suspension is a mixture containing insoluble solid particles suspended in a medium such as air or water
The characteristics of a suspension
- A suspension can be filtered by filtration , residue left on filter paper
- it does not allow light to pass through , it scatters light when light is shone on it
- when left to stand, the particles settle to teh bottom of the container
Why are there residues left on filter paper when a suspension is filtered
The particles of the solute are too large that they are not able to pass through the pores of the filter paper
Why is light unable to pass through a suspension
The particles of the solute are large enough to block any light passing through the suspension
What is concentration of solutions
It is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent
What are the 3 types of solution
1）dilute
2) concentrated
3) saturated
What is the formula of concentration
Concentration (g/cm3) = mass of solute (g) / volume of solvent (cm3)
What is solubility
It is the maximum amount of solute which can dissolve in 100g water at fixed temperature
The 3 factors that affect solubility
1) type of solvent
2) type of solute
3) temperature
Explanation type of solvent
The ability of a solvent to dissolve a given solute.
Explanation of type of solute
The ability for a solute to dissolve in a given solvent
Explanation of temperature
The effect of hotness and coldness of a solvent.
The solubility of solids and liquids increases with increasing temperature. For gases their solubility decreases with increasing temperature.
Define soluble and insoluble
Soluble- when a substance is able to dissolve in a solvent
Insoluble- when a substance is not able to dissolve in a solvent
Define solubility curve
A solubility curve is a graph showing the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100g water at a given temperature to form a saturated solution
What does it mean when solubility is above the line, on the line, below the line
Above the line- beyond saturated (undissolved solute remains in the solution)
On the line- saturated solution (corresponding to each particular temperature)
Below the line- unsaturated solution (could be dilute or concentrated only)
Rate of dissolving of substances
It is a measure of how fast a solute dissolves in a fixed amount of solvent completely
Factors affecting rate of dissolving
1) stirring effect
2) amount of solvent
3) particle size
4) temperature
Effect of stirring effect
When stirring effect increases, the rate of solubility increases
Effect of amount of solvent
When the amount of solvent increases, the rate of solubility increases
Effect of particle size
When the particle size decreases, the rate of solubility increases
Effect of temperature
When the temperature increases, the rate if solubility of a solute(liquid or solid) increases
