Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science G3 > Sec 2 human digestive system > Flashcards

Sec 2 human digestive system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

state the 4 processes

A

ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is digestion

A

it is the process where large insoluble food particles are broken down into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how long is the human digestive system

A

9 metres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is physical process of digestion

A 
food
broken up 
smaller pieces
grinding chewing
no new product
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is chemical process of digestion

A 
food
broken down 
small molecules
through biological molecules
enzymes
new product
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does carbohydrases help

A

speed up
breakdown of carbohydrates (starch)
simple sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does proteases help

A

speed up
breakdown of proteins
amino acids
polypeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does lipase help

A

speed up
breakdown of fats (lipids)
fatty acids
glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is enzymes

A 
biological molecules / catalysts
made up of protein
speed up rate of reaction
remains unchanged 
end of reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does the substrate meet with enzyme

A

active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 2 factors that the enzyme can change

A

weak bonds
not staying there permanently

induced fit
enzyme changes shape to bind substrate perfectly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many active site for one substrate

A

specific active site for ONE type of substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 2 ideal conditions for enzymes

A

PH

temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens when environment changes for enzyme

A

enzyme becomes DENATURED

distorted shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 3 main nutrients

A

CPF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

state enzyme reaction for carbohydrates

A

starch (amylase) maltose (maltase) glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

enzyme reaction for proteins

A

protein (protease) polypeptides (protease) amino acids

18
Q

enzyme reaction for fats

A

fats / lipids (lipase) fatty acids + glycerol

19
Q

what is physical digestion by mouth

A

strong teeth, jaw muscles
break up food
smaller pieces

20
Q

what is chemical digestion by mouth

A

saliva contain salivary amylase

partial digestion of starch

21
Q

what are the other functions of the mouth

A

saliva softens and lubricates food

easier swallowing

22
Q

what is the function of oesophagus

A

muscular tube
transports food to stomach through peristalsis
alternate waves of relaxation and contraction of its muscular walls

23
Q

what is food present in oesophagus called

A

bolus

24
Q

what is the physical digestion of stomach

A

stomach churns
food
smaller pieces
increase surface area to volume ratio

mix with gastric juices

25
Q

describe the stomach

A

J-shaped
sac-like muscular organ
upper part of abdomen

26
Q

what does gastric juice in stomach contain

A

water
hydrochloric acid
proteases

27
Q

how does hydrochloric acid help in digestion

A

kill bacteria

provide acidic environment for proteases to work efficiently

28
Q

how does proteases help in digestion

A

proteases break down and digest proteins into polypeptides and further into amino acids

29
Q

how does the stomach prevent its wall from breaking down

A

lines itself with mucus

prevent acid from breaking it down

30
Q

how long does food remain in stomach

A

2 to 6 hours

31
Q

what is partly digested food called

A

chyme

32
Q

what does the pancreas do

A

pumps out juice which neutralises stomach acid

33
Q

what does liver do

A

produce bile

34
Q

what does bile do

A

break up fat droplets into smaller fat droplets

emulsification

35
Q

what does gall bladder do

A

store bile

36
Q

what is short form for gastric juices

A

PALP IMPL

37
Q

what is the pH levels

A

7 2 8

38
Q

what is small intestine for

A

main site of digestion
numerous enzymes released
breaks down food further
absorb nutrients into bloodstream

39
Q

how does villi help

A

lined with millions of microscopic projections (villi)
increase surface to volume ratio
easier to absorb nutrients

40
Q

what is function of large intestine

A

absorb water from undigested food

41
Q

what is function of rectum

A

indegestible food and waste form faeces

42
Q

what is function of anus

A

faeces is released through this opening

Science G3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions