Solution 2) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Question 1

Aims of CBT

Answer 1

Address and change sufferer’s dysfunctional emotions and thoughts and the behaviour that results.
Change illogical thinking and strengthen logical reasoning skills.
Make the person more self-reliant.

Question 2

Coping Strategy Enhancement (CSE)

Answer 2

Help cope better with symptoms.
Develop ways of managing symptoms, targeting specific symptoms.
Interpretations challenged and alternative explanations proposed.

Question 3

Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET)

Answer 3

Used in recovery, stabilised on medication and have largely responded to treatment for positive symptoms, but still show cognitive symptoms.
Improves cognitive abilities.

Question 4

Laura Smith et al.

Answer 4

4 stages of CBT:

1) Engagement Strategies - talk about issues and coping.
2) Psycho-education - emphasise coping strategy and cognitive strategies.
3) Behavioural Skills Therapy - anxiety and relaxation.
4) Relapse Prevention Strategies - identify early warning symptoms.

Question 5

Elizabeth Kuiper et al.

Answer 5

+ Time frame - after 9 month CBT treatment - 50% improvement rate.

Question 6

Sameer Jauhar et al.

Answer 6

• Schizophrenics have lower success rate with CBT compared to A-P drugs.

Question 7

Nicholar Tarrier et al.

Answer 7

• Approximately 18 months of CBT to have an effect.
• In the long run there are more frequent relapses.
• Not sustainable.
  + Possibly more effective short term.

Question 8

Zimmerman et al.

Answer 8

+ Finds CBT very effective but only for those with positive symptoms.
+ Ideal treatment - 12 months.
+ Particularly effective in treating hallucinations.

Question 9

Liberman et al.

Answer 9

+/- Medical profession favour CBT but only when combined with A-P drugs.

Question 10

Ethical Implications

Answer 10

+ Less adverse side effects.
+ Elizabeth Kuiper et al. of the view that clients see the benefit are satisfied with their “CBT experience”.
- Some in psychiatric service of view the A-P treatment is more viable than CBT.

Question 11

Social Implication

Answer 11

+ CBT can be used to change the way schizophrenic people interpret events or stressors.
+ Seen by some as a long term treatment and it can reduce reliance on A-P drugs.
+ 2012, Andres - estimated £12bn pa spent on treatment. Much of it ineffective - CBT more ffective - it equips coping mechanisms/can mean employment/points to lack of CBT trained individuals/ available to less than 10%.