SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA Flashcards
How do you write the total ionic equation?
The aqueous species are the soluble ions and will therefore break up into hydrated ions
How do you write the net ionic equation?
Spectator ions, which appear on both sides of the rxn, can be removed
What is a saturated solution?
A saturated solution is a mixture in which the maximum amount of a given solution has been dissolved into the solvent
What happens when more solute is added to a saturated solution?
The concentration will not change, however, more solid will result at the bottom of the container
How is Ksp calculated for a saturated solution?
What are the different cation-to-anion ratios?
1: 1 x^2
1: 2 4x^3
1: 3 27x^4
2: 3 108x^5
How do you convert Ksp to solubility?
- Convert mass-based solubility to molar solubility
- Divide by molar mass
- Plug in molar solubility as “x” in Ksp
What is the common ion effect?
Because the olubility of an ionic compound depends on the product of the concentration of ions, this solubility can be greatly affected if there are already some of those ions present in the solution
Provide an example problem of the common ion effect:
Example with NaCl:
Given 0.1 M NaCl → [Na+] = [Cl-] = 0.1M
- When some AgCl is dissolved in the above solution, little amount dissolved bc AgCl is fairly insoluble and chloride is the common ion in the solution
- The [Cl-] value can then be used to determine the Ksp for AgCl
- Ksp = [Ag+] [Cl-] → [Ag+] = Ksp / [Cl-] = 1.8 x 10 ^-10 / 0.1 M
What is precipitation?
Precipitation is when a solid solute spontaneously forms from a solution
When does a precipitate form?
When Qsp > Ksp
When will a precipitate not form?
When Qsp < Ksp
When is a saturated solution formed?
When Qsp = Ksp
What is solubility?
Solubility is the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent/solution (units: g/L)
What is molar solubility?
Molar solubility is the number of moles of solute that will dissolve in 1 L of solution (unit: mol/L or M)
