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CH302: Chemistry > CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA > Flashcards

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the activity of a compound tell us?

A

The activity of a compound tells us how the free energy/chemical potential of a compoud varies with the progress of the rxn

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2
Q

What is the activity of a gas?

A

P° = standard pressure of 1 atm

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3
Q

What is the activity of a pure solid or liquid?

A
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4
Q

What is the activity of a solution?

A

C° = standard concentration of 1 M

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5
Q

What species are used in a mass action expression?

A

Gaseous and aqueous species only

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6
Q

What is the formula for mass action expression?

A

Q = products / reactants = K (when dG = 0)

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7
Q

What is Q?

A

Q is the reaction quotient, a current or “right now” condition and can be calculated at any point

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8
Q

What is K?

A

Q converges into the equilibrium constant (K) as the system reacts and adjusts

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9
Q

The equilibrium constant (K) is constant unless what changes?

A

Temperature

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10
Q

What does it mean when K > 1?

A

K > 1 ; product favored (rxn moves forward)

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11
Q

What does it mean when K < 1?

A

K < 1 ; reactant favored (rxn moves in reverse)

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12
Q

How is K manipulated?

A
  1. When the rxn is reversed, K becomes 1/K
  2. Whe the rxn is doubled, K becomes K^2
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13
Q

What does it mean when Q < K?

A

Q < K ; too many reactants, so the rxn tends to move forwards

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14
Q

What does it mean when Q = K?

A

Q = K ; the rxn is at equilibrium (dG = 0)

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15
Q

What does it mean when Q > K?

A

Q > K ; there are too many products, so the rxn tends to move in reverse

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16
Q

What does the plot of Gibbs free energy look like when dG° rxn < 0

A
17
Q

What does the plot of Gibbs free energy look like when dG° rxn > 0

A
18
Q

At what points on both these plots is the rxn reactant heavy?

A

Q < K at points 1 and 3

19
Q

At what points on both these plots is the rxn product heavy?

A

Q > K at points 3 and 3

20
Q

What is the formula for dG rxn?

A
21
Q

What is the formula for dG° rxn?

A
22
Q

What is K when dG is < 0?

A

K > 1 ; products are favored

23
Q

What is K when dG is > 0?

A

K < 1 ; reactants are favored

24
Q

What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?

A

Le Chatelier’s Principle states that when a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change, the equilibrium shifts to counteract the imposed change and a new equilibrium established

25
Q

What happens when reactants are added to a reaction?

A

When reactants are added, the rxn shifts to the product side

26
Q

What does adding reactants result in?

A

Q < K

27
Q

What happens when products are added?

A

When products are added, the rxn shifts towards the reactants

28
Q

What does adding products result in?

A

Q > K

29
Q

What happens when reactants are removed?

A

When reactants are removed, the rxn shifts to the reactant side

30
Q

What happens when products are removed?

A

When products are removed, the rxn shifts to the product side

31
Q

What happens when volume increases?

A

Increase in volume = decrease in pressure = shifts to side with greater gaseous moles

32
Q

What happen when the volume decreases?

A

Decrease in volume = increase in pressure = shifts to side with least gaseous moles

33
Q

What happens when an inert gas is added at constant pressure?

A

Volume increases

34
Q

What happens when an inert gas is added at constant volume?

A

Pressure increases, however, there is no effect

35
Q

What happens when temperature is added to an endothermic reaction?

A

Increase in temperature for an endothermic rxn (heat is reactant) = shifts to products = K increases

36
Q

What happens when temperature is added to an exothermic reaction?

A

Increase in temperature for an exothermic rxn (heat is product) = shifts to reactants = K decreases

37
Q

What is the Van’t Hoff Equation?

A
38
Q

What is the formula for Kp?

A

Kp = Kc (RT) ^ dn

CH302: Chemistry (7 decks)

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