Solubility and separating mixtures Flashcards
What is a saturated solution?
A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved
Why do crystals form when a saturated solution is cooled down?
Solubility decreases as temperature decreases making the solution into solid
What is filtration?
A process to separate solids from liquids
Separates insoluble solid from a liquid
It needs a medium (filtrate) through which only liquids can pass
Give an example of filtration?
When sand and water mixture is filtered the sand stays in the filter paper as residue
The water passes through
Learn the diagram
What is crystallisation?
A solid- liquid separation technique
Evaporate solution into a smaller volume leaving to cool
As it cools it forms crystals
What is distillation?
Separation of miscible liquids
Mixture is heated
Gas enters condenser and is cooled condensing back into liquid
Liquids of different boiling points can be separated by using a fractionating column
What is chromatography?
Separation of mixture of chemicals into its constituent parts in a gas or liquid
The different mixtures creep past each other
Moving state of matter is the mobile phase
Substance left behind is the stationary phase
What is a solution?
The solute dissolved into the solvent
What is a solute?
The solid that dissolved into the solution
What is a solvent?
The liquid that accepts the dissolving solute to form the solution
How do you choose the correct separation technique depending on mixture given?
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Explain fractional distillation?
Crude oil is a mix of molecules called hydrocarbons with different chain molecules
Short chain molecules have lower boiling point than long chain
Heat in fractionating column
Boiled to produce mixture of gases
Column is hot at bottom, cool at top
Long chain molecules condense at bottom
Short chain at top
So different molecules are separated and contained and condenses separately
