Metals And Acids

Question 1

What happens when a metal reacts with acid?

Answer 1

The products are a salt and hydrogen gas

Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

Question 2

When a metal reacts with hydrochloride acid it produces?

Answer 2

Metal chloride + hydrogen eg
Fe + 2HCL-> FeCl2 + H2
Mg +2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2

Question 3

1. When a metal reacts with sulphuric acid it produces?

2. When a metal reacts with nitric acid it produces?

Answer 3

1. The salt produced is metal sulphate

2. The salt produced is a metal nitrate (when neutralised but there are exceptions)

Question 4

Give some examples of acids and what they are used for?

Answer 4

HCl =  battery production
HNO3= fertiliser
H2SO4= fertiliser
CH3COOH= vinegar 
H3PO4= fertiliser

Question 5

What are the main physical properties of metals?

Answer 5

They are strong, hard, shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile and have high densities

Question 6

What are alloys?

Answer 6

Metals mixed with one or more other elements to improve their properties

Question 7

What happens when metal reacts with:

1. oxygen
2. water
3. steam
4. acid

Answer 7

1. Metal oxide
2. Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
3. Metal oxide + hydrogen
4. Salt + hydrogen

Question 8

What is an acid?

Answer 8

1-6 on ph scale
Can be corrosive 
Can make indicators change colour
Have tangy or sharp tastes
Contain hydrogen

Question 9

When magnesium reacts with dilute acid what happens?

Answer 9

There is a big squeaky pop!

Question 10

When aluminium reacts with dilute acid what happens?

Answer 10

There is a fair old squeaky pop!

Question 11

When zinc reacts with dilute acid what happens?

Answer 11

There is muted squeaky pop!

Question 12

When iron reacts with dilute acid what happens?

Answer 12

There is a squeak!

Question 13

When copper reacts with dilute acid what happens?

Answer 13

There is no chance of squeaky pop because copper is less reactive than hydrogen so it doesn’t react with dilute acids at all.

Question 14

Why do some metals react more quickly than others?

What is the indication of speed of reaction?

Answer 14

The more reactive the metal, the faster it will go

The speed of reaction is indicated by the rate at which the bubbles of hydrogen are given off

Question 15

How do you test for hydrogen being given off and what happens?

Answer 15

The hydrogen is confirmed by the burning splint test giving the notorious “squeaky pop”.

Question 16

What is an indicator and what does it do?

Answer 16

An indicator is just a dye that changes colour.
The dye changes colour depending on whether it’s in an acid or in an alkali.
Universal indicator is a very useful combination of dyes.

Question 17

What do all acids have?

What do all alkalis have?

Answer 17

Acids have H+ions when added to water.

Alkalis have OH-ions when added to water.

Question 18

What is the equation for neutralisation?

What is the equation with ions?

Answer 18

Acid + alkali -> salt + water

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ->H2O(l)

Question 19

Give 3 examples of neutralisation?

Answer 19

1. Indigestion is too much hydrochloric acid neutralised by magnesium oxide tablets
2. Acidic soils improved by lime (calcium hydroxide)
3. Acid rain is neutralised by lime - this saves fish in lakes

Question 20

Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are generally acid or alkalis?
Do they usually dissolve in water?
When they react what do they produce?
What are the equations?

Answer 20

1. Alkalis
2. Some do to produce alkali solution
3. They react with acids to form a salt and water
4. Acid + metal oxide -> salt + water
   Acid + metal hydroxide-> salt + water

Question 21

Are the oxides of non metals usually acid or alkalis?

What are the 3 best examples and what do they form when dissolved in water?

Answer 21

1. Acid
2. Carbon dioxide -> carbonic acid
3. Sulphur dioxide-> sulphuric acid
4. Nitrogen dioxide -> nitric acid

Question 22

What acid is in rain?

Answer 22

Carbonic acid

Question 23

What do carbonates and hydrocarbonates give off when mixed with acid?
What are the equations?

Answer 23

Acid+carbonate->salt+water+carbon dioxide

Acid+hydrogen carbonate->salt+water+carbon dioxide

Question 24

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 24

It turns limewater milky when you bubble carbon dioxide through it

Question 25

What happens when dilute acid reacts with ammonia?

What happens with hydrochloric, sulphuric and nitric acids?

Answer 25

Dilute acid+ammonium->ammonium salt
Hydrochloric acid+ammonia->ammonium chloride
Sulphuric acid+ammonia->ammonium sulphate
Nitric acid+ammonia->ammonium nitrate

Question 26

What is copper useful for and why?

Answer 26

Copper is useful for hot water pipes because it’s malleable, it resists corrosion, very un reactive, doesn’t react with water.
Copper is also useful for electrical cables because it’s a good electric conductor, it’s malleable with high melting and boiling points.

Question 27

What is aluminium useful for and why?

Answer 27

Aluminium is useful for aircraft bodies because it’s low density, light weight for size, resists corrosion, very useful, has oxide layer stopping air and water getting in.

Question 28

What is steel useful for and why?

Answer 28

Steel is useful for kitchen sinks and car bodies because it’s an iron alloy that does not rust and doesn’t corrode.

Question 29

Why are potassium, lithium and sodium stored under oil?

Answer 29

They are stored under oil because they are alkali metals.

They are stored under oil to prevent them reacting with the oxygen and water vapour in the air.

Question 30

What happens if sodium metal is cut with a knife?

Answer 30

If sodium is cut with a knife the shiny surface tarnishes quickly to a dull grey colour as the metal reacts with oxygen and water in the air.

Question 31

In the reactivity series what will a more reactive metal do when it reacts with a less reactive metal compound?
Give example?

Answer 31

The more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.
Copper+silver nitrate->copper nitrate+silver