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Chemistry 9 > Metals And Acids > Flashcards

Metals And Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with acid?

A

The products are a salt and hydrogen gas

Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

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2
Q

When a metal reacts with hydrochloride acid it produces?

A

Metal chloride + hydrogen eg
Fe + 2HCL-> FeCl2 + H2
Mg +2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2

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3
Q
  1. When a metal reacts with sulphuric acid it produces?

2. When a metal reacts with nitric acid it produces?

A
  1. The salt produced is metal sulphate

2. The salt produced is a metal nitrate (when neutralised but there are exceptions)

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4
Q

Give some examples of acids and what they are used for?

A 
HCl =  battery production
HNO3= fertiliser
H2SO4= fertiliser
CH3COOH= vinegar 
H3PO4= fertiliser
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5
Q

What are the main physical properties of metals?

A

They are strong, hard, shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile and have high densities

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6
Q

What are alloys?

A

Metals mixed with one or more other elements to improve their properties

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7
Q

What happens when metal reacts with:

  1. oxygen
  2. water
  3. steam
  4. acid
A
  1. Metal oxide
  2. Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
  3. Metal oxide + hydrogen
  4. Salt + hydrogen
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8
Q

What is an acid?

A 
1-6 on ph scale
Can be corrosive 
Can make indicators change colour
Have tangy or sharp tastes
Contain hydrogen
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9
Q

When magnesium reacts with dilute acid what happens?

A

There is a big squeaky pop!

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10
Q

When aluminium reacts with dilute acid what happens?

A

There is a fair old squeaky pop!

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11
Q

When zinc reacts with dilute acid what happens?

A

There is muted squeaky pop!

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12
Q

When iron reacts with dilute acid what happens?

A

There is a squeak!

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13
Q

When copper reacts with dilute acid what happens?

A

There is no chance of squeaky pop because copper is less reactive than hydrogen so it doesn’t react with dilute acids at all.

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14
Q

Why do some metals react more quickly than others?

What is the indication of speed of reaction?

A

The more reactive the metal, the faster it will go

The speed of reaction is indicated by the rate at which the bubbles of hydrogen are given off

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15
Q

How do you test for hydrogen being given off and what happens?

A

The hydrogen is confirmed by the burning splint test giving the notorious “squeaky pop”.

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16
Q

What is an indicator and what does it do?

A

An indicator is just a dye that changes colour.
The dye changes colour depending on whether it’s in an acid or in an alkali.
Universal indicator is a very useful combination of dyes.

17
Q

What do all acids have?

What do all alkalis have?

A

Acids have H+ions when added to water.

Alkalis have OH-ions when added to water.

18
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation?

What is the equation with ions?

A

Acid + alkali -> salt + water

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ->H2O(l)

19
Q

Give 3 examples of neutralisation?

A
  1. Indigestion is too much hydrochloric acid neutralised by magnesium oxide tablets
  2. Acidic soils improved by lime (calcium hydroxide)
  3. Acid rain is neutralised by lime - this saves fish in lakes
20
Q

Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are generally acid or alkalis?
Do they usually dissolve in water?
When they react what do they produce?
What are the equations?

A
  1. Alkalis
  2. Some do to produce alkali solution
  3. They react with acids to form a salt and water
  4. Acid + metal oxide -> salt + water
    Acid + metal hydroxide-> salt + water
21
Q

Are the oxides of non metals usually acid or alkalis?

What are the 3 best examples and what do they form when dissolved in water?

A
  1. Acid
  2. Carbon dioxide -> carbonic acid
  3. Sulphur dioxide-> sulphuric acid
  4. Nitrogen dioxide -> nitric acid
22
Q

What acid is in rain?

A

Carbonic acid

23
Q

What do carbonates and hydrocarbonates give off when mixed with acid?
What are the equations?

A

Acid+carbonate->salt+water+carbon dioxide

Acid+hydrogen carbonate->salt+water+carbon dioxide

24
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

It turns limewater milky when you bubble carbon dioxide through it

25
Q

What happens when dilute acid reacts with ammonia?

What happens with hydrochloric, sulphuric and nitric acids?

A

Dilute acid+ammonium->ammonium salt
Hydrochloric acid+ammonia->ammonium chloride
Sulphuric acid+ammonia->ammonium sulphate
Nitric acid+ammonia->ammonium nitrate

26
Q

What is copper useful for and why?

A

Copper is useful for hot water pipes because it’s malleable, it resists corrosion, very un reactive, doesn’t react with water.
Copper is also useful for electrical cables because it’s a good electric conductor, it’s malleable with high melting and boiling points.

27
Q

What is aluminium useful for and why?

A

Aluminium is useful for aircraft bodies because it’s low density, light weight for size, resists corrosion, very useful, has oxide layer stopping air and water getting in.

28
Q

What is steel useful for and why?

A

Steel is useful for kitchen sinks and car bodies because it’s an iron alloy that does not rust and doesn’t corrode.

29
Q

Why are potassium, lithium and sodium stored under oil?

A

They are stored under oil because they are alkali metals.

They are stored under oil to prevent them reacting with the oxygen and water vapour in the air.

30
Q

What happens if sodium metal is cut with a knife?

A

If sodium is cut with a knife the shiny surface tarnishes quickly to a dull grey colour as the metal reacts with oxygen and water in the air.

31
Q

In the reactivity series what will a more reactive metal do when it reacts with a less reactive metal compound?
Give example?

A

The more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.
Copper+silver nitrate->copper nitrate+silver

Chemistry 9 (8 decks)

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