Solubility and Melting point Flashcards
Alkanes solubility
Alkanes are insoluble as they are non-polar. Dispersion force bonding with water is weak so it is unfavorable.
Alkanes Melting point
As the number of carbons in the carbon chain increases so does the strength of the dispersion forces so the boiling point increases.
Alkenes solubility
Alkenes are insoluble as they are non-polar. Dispersion force bonding with water is weak so it is unfavorable.
Alkenes Melting point
As the number of carbons in the carbon chain increases so does the strength of the dispersion forces so the boiling point increases as more dispersion forces need to be broken.
Alcohol solubility
Alcohols are soluble as the presence of the OH group allows hydrogen bonds to form between water molecules and alcohol molecules. The solubility decreases as the length of the carbon chain increases as it means more of the molecule is non-polar.
Alcohol boiling point
Boiling point increases as the size of the alcohol molecule increases. Alcohols have a higher boiling temp than all alkanes as the OH group allows hydrogen bonding between molecules and strengthens intermolecular bonding.
Carboxylic acids solubility
Carboxylic acids are soluble as the presence of the carboxyl group allows hydrogen bonds to form between water molecules and alcohol molecules. They are more soluble than alcohols. The solubility decreases as the length of the carbon chain increases as it means more of the molecule is non-polar.
Carboxylic acids melting point
Carboxylic acid has a higher boiling point than alcohols because of he presence of the hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic molecules.
Esters boiling point
Esters have lower boiling points than alcohols and carboxyl acids as there are no free hydroxyl groups which means they cannot form hydrogen bonds.