Chemistry SAC 2

Question 1

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The Carbon Hydrogen bonds are non-polar therefor only dispersion forces are present in them.

Question 2

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Are hydrocarbons that only composed of single carbon-carbon bonds. (They have the maximum amount of hydrogens possible.)

Question 3

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons that contain at least one double or triple carbon-carbon bond.

Question 4

Cyclic hydrocarbon

Answer 4

Are saturated hydrocarbons that has carbon backbone that is a ring

Question 5

Properties of hydrocarbons

Answer 5

They are insoluble in water as they are non-polar, they will likely be soluble in non-polar solvents. The melting/boiling points increase as the size of hydrocarbon increases, as this will increase strength of dispersion forces.

Question 6

Homologous series

Answer 6

Members of this series have similar properties, similar physical structure, pattern in physical properties. as they follow the same general structure.

Question 7

Alkanes

Answer 7

Are saturated hydrocarbons (composed of carbon and hydrogen) that only have single bonds. Has the ending -ane. CnH2n+2.

Question 8

Alkenes

Answer 8

Are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a least on double bond. has the ending -ene. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes as the electrons in the double bonds are very close and want to repel each other.

Question 9

Alkynes

Answer 9

Are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond. Ends in -yne. Alkynes are more reactive that alkenes as there are three pairs of electrons in the triple bond.

Question 10

Haloalkanes

Answer 10

Contains one or more halogens such as Cl, Br ,F, I, etc.

Has prefix , chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo.

Question 11

Alkanols - (alcohols)

Answer 11

Contains a hydroxyl functional group - OH
Oxygen is very electronegative so the hydroxyl group is polar. Small alcohols undergo hydrogen bonding and be highly soluble in water. Solubility decreases as the non-polar carbon chain becomes longer.

Question 12

Carboxylic acids

Answer 12

Contains carboxyl functional group - COOH
Small carboxylic acids undergo hydrogen bonding and be highly soluble in water. Solubility decreases as the non-polar carbon chain becomes longer.

Question 13

Ester

Answer 13

Contains functional group - COO
They are formed by a condensation reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid. Ester group is polar but there is a hydrocarbon group on each side making the molecule non-polar. Small esters are slightly soluble but as alkyl chains become bigger solubility decreases.