Solubility Flashcards
What are the properties
-water is a clear colourless liquid which freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees (can be used fir physics test)
-water has a density of 1g/cm3
-water is neutral (pH 7), green with universal indicator
-water has the chemical formula H2O and is a covalent molecule
-most ionic compounds are soluble in water
Solvent
The liquid in which the solute dissolves
Solute
A soluble substance which dissolves
Solution
A mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent
Saturated solution
A solution in which no more solid will dissolve at a particular temperature
Insoluble
A substance that will not dissolve in a particular solvent
What is a concentrated solution like
A solution that has a lot of solute in a certain volume
What is a dilute solution like
A solution with only a little solute in a certain volume
Solubility
Solubility is the mass of solid that will completely saturate 100g of water (or solvent) at a particular temperature
What factors effect solubility
- Temperature (affects the kinetic energy of the solute + solvent particle)
- Stirring (affects the kinetic energy of the solute + solvent particle )
- Volume of solvent
- Type of solute (some substances will dissolve in water better than others)
- Surface area of the solute (granules, powder or cubes)
What is the solubility equation
Solubility (g/100g of water) = (mass of solute ➗ mass of solvent) X 100
Describe the effect of temperature on the solubility of solids
Solubility increases with temperature increases then give example if reading off a table (eg. as observed with…..)
Describe the effect of temperature on the solubility of gases
Solubility decreases with temperature increase then give example if reading off a table (eg. As observed with …..)
When drawing a solubility graph what are your units for axis
X axis= temperature/ oC
Y axis= solubility g/100g solvent
When wanting to work how much would a solution percipient if cooled what should you do
Subtract the solubility of the first temperature from the solubility of the second temperature
What happens if you are asked a solubility question but the weight of the solute is far beyond what the graph goes .
Read it of the graph like normal and then correct your units
Why is it a problem fir fish if water in the river warms up
Fish need oxygen to survive. If the solubility of oxygen decreases with temperature there will less and less oxygen for the fish as the temperature of the water increases and they will die
What do chemistry graphs use
Kisses and line if best fit
How would you test solubility with temperature
Add a measured mass of a mass of solute to a solvent of 10cm3 (eg 4 g in water ). Heat until all solute is dissolved then allow to cool. When the solute comes out of solution record the temperature. Calculate the solubility at this temperature. Using prior solution repeat experiment adding 2cm3 solvent each time until 20cm3 is reached. Then draw a solubility graph based on your findings
