Solids, liquids and gases Flashcards
What states of matter would be classed as fluids?
Liquids and gases.
What happens when force is applied to a solid?
The force is transmitted to other parts of the solid with the direction unchanged.
How do fluids transmit force?
Uniformly in all directions.
How is pressure distributed in a fluid at rest?
It is the same in all directions.
How is the force exerted by a fluid at rest related to the area?
It is perpendicular to it
What happens to pressure in a fluid as depth increases?
It increases as the weight of fluid above it increases.
What does Pascal’s Principle state?
In an incompressible liquid the increase in the pressure at any point is transmitted to all other points in the liquid.
What does Bernoulli’s equation demonstrate?
The relationship between velocity, pressure and elevation in a line of flow.
What is viscous friction?
The opposition of relative motion between fluid molecules by a frictional force.
How does viscous friction affect fluid in a pipe?
It makes the velocity of the fluid varied throughout the pipe.
How is velocity distributed in a laminar fluid?
Velocity is highest at the centre of the pipe and decreases towards the walls becoming completely stationary at the walls.
How do frictionless fluids flow?
Steadily.
When is smooth laminar flow disrupted?
When velocity is increased past a critical point.
What happens to flow after velocity reaches a critical point?
Flow becomes turbulent.
What is the rate and velocity of blood flow at rest?
5L per minute and 26.5 cm per second respective.
