Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics > Solids, liquids and gases > Flashcards

Solids, liquids and gases Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

Density = mass / volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What units are used to measure mass, volume, and density?

A

Mass in kg, volume in m³, density in kg/m³

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are particles arranged in dense materials?

A

Particles are packed closer together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the first step in measuring the density of a regular object?

A

Use a top pan balance to measure the mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you calculate the volume of a solid object?

A

Measure the sides and calculate using xh x w

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What method is used to find the volume of a liquid?

A

Use a measuring cylinder or syringe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the formula to calculate density?

A

Density = mass / volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the first step in measuring the density of a large irregular object?

A

Find out the mass using a top pan balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a eureka can used for?

A

To measure the volume of water displaced by an irregular object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you do after filling a eureka can to the brim?

A

Wait for it to stop dripping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you measure the volume of overflow when using a eureka can?

A

Catch the overflow in a measuring cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the method for measuring the density of a small irregular solid?

A

Measure the change in level of water in a measuring cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the formula for pressure?

A

Pressure = force / area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In what units is pressure measured?

A

Pascals (Pa) or N/m²

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What effect does having the same force over a larger area have on pressure?

A

It reduces the pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does pressure act in gases and liquids?

A

Equally in all directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to pressure as depth increases in gases and liquids?

A

Pressure increases with depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the formula to calculate pressure increase with height?

A

Pressure increase = height (m) x density x gravity (10N/kg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

Energy required to raise 1 kg of material by 1°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do different materials require the same amount of energy to heat?

A

No, different materials take different amounts of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the formula for calculating change in thermal energy?

A

Change in (thermal) energy = specific heat capacity (J/kg/°C) x mass (kg) x Change in temperature

This formula highlights the relationship between energy change, specific heat capacity, mass, and temperature change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define specific heat capacity.

A

The energy required to raise a 1 kg mass of a material through 1°C

Specific heat capacity varies between different materials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or False: Materials that require a lot of energy to heat up also release a lot of energy when they cool down.

A

True

This is a fundamental property of materials with high specific heat capacities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you measure the mass of a liquid for specific heat capacity experiments?

A

Mass of the liquid + container - mass of the container

This method ensures accurate measurement of the liquid’s mass alone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What equipment is used to measure the specific heat capacity of liquids?

A

Electric immersion heater and a thermometer

These tools are essential for heating the liquid and monitoring temperature changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the first step in measuring the specific heat capacity of a liquid?

A

Measure the starting temperature of the liquid

This provides a baseline for calculating temperature change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What should you do after turning on the power supply during the specific heat capacity experiment?

A

Start a timer

Timing is crucial to determine how long the liquid is heated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Fill in the blank: To calculate specific heat capacity, you divide the change in energy by _______.

A

(mass x change in temperature)

This formula allows for the determination of specific heat capacity based on experimental data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What method is used to measure the specific heat capacity of solids?

A

Use a block of solid with holes for the heater and thermometer, wrapped in insulation

This setup minimizes heat loss and allows for accurate measurements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe the arrangement of atoms in solids.

A

Atoms are packed together in a regular structure

This arrangement contributes to the rigidity and stability of solids.

31
Q

What is the movement of atoms in a solid?

A

Atoms cannot move out of their fixed position, but can vibrate.

32
Q

What characterizes the arrangement of atoms in a liquid?

A

Atoms are close together, but can flow over each other.

33
Q

How do the forces of attraction between particles in liquids compare to those in solids?

A

Weaker forces of attraction between the particles.

34
Q

What happens to the energy of particles when a substance is heated?

A

When heated, particles gain internal energy which can cause a rise in temperature or a change in state.

35
Q

What is the primary difference in particle energy between gases and liquids?

A

Particles in gases have more energy than in liquids and solids.

36
Q

What is the term for the energy stored in particles due to heating?

A

Thermal energy.

37
Q

True or False: A solid changes state at a variable temperature.

A

False.

38
Q

What is latent heat?

A

Energy that causes a change in state without a rise in temperature.

39
Q

List the changes of state from solid to gas.

A
  • Solid - melts → Liquid
  • Liquid - boils → Gas
40
Q

What occurs during sublimation?

A

Solid changes directly to gas.

41
Q

What is the relationship between the density of solids and gases?

A

Densities of solids and liquids are usually much higher than gases.

42
Q

What happens to the volume of a solid when it melts?

A

There is an increase in volume as the particles are further apart.

43
Q

What is boiling?

A

Boiling happens at the boiling point when a liquid changes state into a gas.

44
Q

What is the behavior of gas particles in terms of volume and compressibility?

A

Gases can expand to fill any volume and can also be compressed.

45
Q

What is the key difference in particle movement between solids and gases?

A

Particles in gases are free to move and travel in random directions and at high speeds.

46
Q

What happens to particle vibrations as temperature increases?

A

More vibrations occur as particles gain kinetic energy.

47
Q

What is the process of condensation?

A

Gas changes back to liquid.

48
Q

What does the term ‘deposition’ refer to?

A

Gas changing directly to solid.

49
Q

What happens during evaporation?

A

Evaporation occurs at temperatures lower than the boiling point as particles near the surface can escape if they are fast enough to overcome attractive forces.

50
Q

What occurs during cooling at a constant temperature?

A

Energy is released while bonds are being formed, and there is no temperature change.

51
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

Absolute zero is 0K or -273°C, where molecular movement stops due to minimal kinetic energy.

52
Q

How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?

A

Add 273 to the Celsius temperature.

53
Q

How do you convert Kelvin to Celsius?

A

Subtract 273 from the Kelvin temperature.

54
Q

What is the process of condensation?

A

Condensation is the process of a gas turning into a liquid.

55
Q

What is the freezing point in relation to a liquid?

A

The freezing point is when a liquid turns into a solid.

56
Q

What is a temperature-time graph used for?

A

To plot temperature changes over time during heating or cooling processes.

57
Q

What is the first step in obtaining a temperature-time graph?

A

Fill a beaker with crushed ice and place a thermometer into the beaker.

58
Q

What should you do every twenty seconds during the temperature recording?

A

Record the temperature.

59
Q

What is the initial state for obtaining a cooling curve?

A

Start with boiling water.

60
Q

What happens to molecular movement as temperature decreases?

A

The average speed of the molecules’ movement decreases.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of a solid turning into a liquid is called _______.

A

melting

62
Q

Fill in the blank: A liquid turning into a solid is called _______.

A

freezing

63
Q

What is the relationship between a change of 1 kelvin and a change of 1 degree Celsius?

A

A change of 1 kelvin is also a change of 1 degree Celsius.

64
Q

What happens to gas pressure when particles collide with the walls of a sealed container?

A

They exert a force on it, causing an outwards pressure from inside the container.

65
Q

What could happen to a gas container if it is cooled enough?

A

The pressure outside the container could be greater than the pressure inside, causing it to crumple.

66
Q

What is the relationship between Kelvin temperature and average kinetic energy of gas molecules?

A

The Kelvin temperature of a gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules.

67
Q

What does the pressure law state?

A

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume is proportional to its Kelvin temperature.

68
Q

How is the relationship between pressure and temperature expressed mathematically?

A

Pressure 1 / temperature 1 (in kelvin) = pressure 2 / temperature 2 (in kelvin).

69
Q

What happens to the pressure of a gas as its temperature increases?

A

The pressure increases.

70
Q

Why does pressure increase when the temperature of a gas rises?

A

Molecules have more energy, move quicker, and collide more frequently and strongly with the container walls.

71
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant mass and temperature.

72
Q

How is Boyle’s law mathematically represented?

A

Pressure 1 x volume 1 = pressure 2 x volume 2.

73
Q

What occurs to the pressure of a gas when its volume decreases?

A

The pressure increases as the gas particles have a smaller space to move around in and so collisions are more frequent and so more force is exerted and thus more pressure.

74
Q

Fill in the blank: Pressure of a gas is _______ proportional to its volume at a constant mass and temperature.

A

inversely

Physics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions