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lower limb > Sole Of Foot > Flashcards

Sole Of Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the sole of the feet?

A

To provide support and stability while walking or standing.

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2
Q

True or False: The sole of the feet is sensitive to touch and pressure.

A

True.

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3
Q

What are the two main parts of the sole of the foot?

A

The plantar surface and the heel.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The skin on the sole of the feet is typically ______ than on other parts of the body.

A

thicker.

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5
Q

What is the medical term for the bottom surface of the foot?

A

Plantar surface.

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6
Q

Which layer of the skin is primarily found in the sole of the feet?

A

Stratum corneum.

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7
Q

What type of tissue primarily composes the sole of the feet?

A

Keratinized epithelium.

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8
Q

What are the five main regions of the foot’s sole?

A

Heel, arch, ball, toes, and instep.

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9
Q

True or False: The sole of the feet has a rich supply of blood vessels.

A

True.

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10
Q

What is the role of the fat pads in the sole of the feet?

A

To absorb shock and provide cushioning.

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11
Q

Which bones form the structure of the sole?

A

Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

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12
Q

What is the main muscle group that supports the sole of the foot?

A

Intrinsic foot muscles.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ ligament provides support to the arch of the foot.

A

plantar fascia.

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14
Q

True or False: The sole of the feet contains sweat glands.

A

True.

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15
Q

What condition is characterized by pain in the heel or arch of the foot?

A

Plantar fasciitis.

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16
Q

What is the primary sensory function of the sole of the feet?

A

To detect pressure and texture.

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies sensation to the sole of the foot?

A

The tibial nerve.

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18
Q

What is the common term for the thickening of skin on the sole due to friction?

A

Callus.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ arch is one of the three arches of the foot.

A

medial.

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20
Q

What is the role of the plantar ligaments?

A

To provide stability to the arches of the foot.

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21
Q

True or False: The sole of the feet is devoid of hair follicles.

A

True.

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22
Q

What is the primary cause of corns on the sole of the feet?

A

Excessive pressure or friction.

23
Q

Which reflex is associated with the sensory function of the sole of the foot?

A

Plantar reflex.

24
Q

What is the term for the area on the sole of the foot where the toes connect?

A

Metatarsal area.

25
Q

Fill in the blank: The sole of the foot is crucial for _______ and _______.

A

balance; locomotion.

26
Q

What is the significance of the arch in the sole of the foot?

A

It helps in weight distribution and shock absorption.

27
Q

True or False: The muscles in the sole of the foot are responsible for toe movement.

A

True.

28
Q

What is the anatomical term for the big toe?

A

Hallux.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the outermost layer of the sole’s skin.

A

epidermis.

30
Q

What is the term for the condition where the arch of the foot is abnormally high?

A

Cavus foot.

31
Q

What common footwear issue can lead to problems with the sole of the feet?

A

Wearing improperly fitting shoes.

32
Q

what features increase the efficiency of the grip of the sole on the ground?

A

the skin of the sole is
1. thick for protection
2. firmly adherent to the underlying plantar to aponeurosis
3. creased
4. hairless

33
Q

in eliciting plantar reflex, area is supplied by?

A

S1

34
Q

WHAT ARE THE CUTANEOUS NERVES OF SOLE OF FOOT ?

A
  1. MEDIAL CALCANEAL BRANCH OF TIBIAL NERVE
  2. saphenous nerve
  3. sural nerve
  4. medial plantar nerve
  5. lateral plantar nerve
35
Q

what are the dermatones on the sole of foot?

A

L4,L5,S1

36
Q

the thickened band of superficial fascia that stretches acrosss the roots of the toes is called?

A

superficial transverse metatarsal ligament

37
Q

deep fascia of the sole is modifies to form?

A
  1. plantar aponeurosis
  2. deep transverse metatarsal ligament
  3. fibrous flexor sheath
38
Q

what are the features of plantar aponeurosis in sole of foot?

A

triangular
thickened part of dep fascia
morphology: detached part of plantaris tendon

39
Q

morphology of plantar aponeurosis? / plantar aponeurosis represents distal part of?

A

plantaris

plantar apopneurosis is considered to be the distal/detached part of plantaris muscle which got seperated during evolution due to enlargemnt of heel

40
Q

what are the attachments of plantar aponeurosis?

A

at the apex: medial tubercle of calcaneum, proximal to attachment of flexor digitorum brevis
at the base: divides into 5 processes near the head of metatarsal bones
|
|
v
each process further divides into 2 parts
| |
| |
v v
superficial slip deep slip
attached to dermis further divided into two :- one embraces flexor tendons, blending with fibours
of skin flexor sheath
one attaches with deep transverse metatarsal ligament

from margines of aponeurosis lateral and medial vertical intermuscular septa divides the sole into 3 compartments. thinner transverse septa arise from vertical speta and divide the sole into 4 layers

41
Q

what are the funtions of plantar aponeurosis?

A
  1. fixation of skin of sole
  2. protection
  3. origin of attachemnts of muscles of layer 1
  4. maintains logitudinal arches of foot
42
Q

what is a point of difference between plantar and palmar aponeurosis?

A

planatr gives an additional process to the great toe which restricts its movement

43
Q

what are the features and functions of deep transverse metatarsal ligaments?

A

four short flat bands

they connect plantar ligaments of adjoining matatarsophalangeal joints

44
Q

what are the attahments of deep transeverse metatarsal ligaments?

A

dorsally- interossei
ventrally- lumbricles+ digital vessels and nerves

45
Q

function of fibrous flexor sheaths?

A

retain flexor tendons in position during flexion of toes

46
Q

what is plantar fasciltis?

A

pain in heel region due to stretching of plantar aponeurosis, especially during standing

47
Q

what is calcaneal spur?

A

small calcified bone extension on the inferior aspect of calcaneum or at site of attachment of tendo calcaneum

48
Q

how many muscles are grouped in the four layers of muscles?

A

18 intrinsic muscles and 4 extrinsic muscles

49
Q

the first layer of muscles contains?

A

AAF

abductor hallucis
abductor digitorum minimi
flexor digitorum brevis

50
Q

the intrinsic muscles in 2nd layer are?

A

FF

  1. flexour digitorum accessories
  2. 4 lumbricles
51
Q

the extrinsic muscles of 2nd layer are?

A

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
tendon of flexor hallucis longus

52
Q

the muscles of 3rd layer are?

A

flexor hallucis brevis
flexour digiti minimi brevis
abductor hallucis

53
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of 4th layer?

A

3 palmer interossei
4 dorsal interossei

54
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of 4th layer?

A

tendon of tibialis posterior
tendon of peroneus longus

lower limb (3 decks)

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