Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

lower limb > gluteal region > Flashcards

gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary function of the gluteus maximus is to ______ the hip.

A

extend.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which gluteal muscle is primarily responsible for hip abduction?

A

Gluteus medius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A

outer slope of dorsal segment of iliac crest
side of coccyx
dorsal surface of lower part of saccrum
sacruotuberous ligament
posterior gluteal line
aponeurosis of erector spinae
posterior part of gluteal surface of illium behind the posterior gluteal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following muscles helps stabilize the pelvis during walking? A) Gluteus maximus B) Gluteus medius C) Gluteus minimus D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False: The gluteus minimus is located beneath the gluteus medius.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the primary action of the gluteus minimus?

A

Hip abduction and medial rotation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fill in the blank: Weakness in the gluteus medius can lead to ______ gait.

A

Trendelenburg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which muscle is most involved in climbing stairs?

A

Gluteus maximus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Multiple choice: Which muscle is NOT a part of the gluteal region? A) Gluteus maximus B) Gluteus medius C) Quadratus femoris D) Gluteus minimus

A

C) Quadratus femoris.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the gluteal muscles in athletic performance?

A

They provide power and stability for movements such as running, jumping, and squatting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False: The gluteus maximus is involved in lateral rotation of the hip.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the insertion point of the gluteus maximus?

A

the greater part of the muscle is inserted into the Iliotibial tract(3/4th) and the deep fibres of the lower part of the muscle is inserted into the gluteal tuberosity (1/4th)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fill in the blank: The gluteal muscles are primarily responsible for movements of the ______ joint.

A

hip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the significance of the gluteal muscles in the context of lower back pain?

A

Weakness or dysfunction in the gluteal muscles can contribute to lower back pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Multiple choice: Which muscle is most active during hip extension while running? A) Gluteus medius B) Gluteus minimus C) Gluteus maximus D) Tensor fasciae latae

A

C) Gluteus maximus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the gluteal muscles?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False: The gluteus medius is crucial for maintaining balance when standing on one leg.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the anatomical position of the gluteus minimus relative to the gluteus medius?

A

It is located beneath the gluteus medius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fill in the blank: The gluteal muscles are part of the ______ group of muscles.

A

hip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What condition is characterized by weakness in the gluteus medius?

A

Trendelenburg sign.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Multiple choice: Which exercise is best for strengthening the gluteus maximus? A) Squats B) Bicep curls C) Crunches D) Calf raises

A

A) Squats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What role do gluteal muscles play in pelvic stability?

A

They help maintain proper alignment and stability of the pelvis during movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

list the muscles of gluteal region

A

gluteus maximus
gluteous minimus
gluteous medias
piriformis
superior gemilli
inferior gemilli
obturator externus
obturator internus
quadratus femoris

tensor fascia lata- lies in lateral side of thigh just in front of gluteal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the two buttocks are seperated from each other in posterior median line

A

natal cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what marks the lower limit of buttocks

A

gluteal fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which bones do we sit on

A

ischial tuberosity- a bony prominance that can be felt by us medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the highest point of illiac crest corresponds with

A

L3 and L4 intervals of the spine- site of lumbr puncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the significance of psis

A

at the level of S2 spine opposite the middle of sacroilliac joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are the surface LANDMARKS OF THE GLUTEAL REGION?

A
  1. buttocks- right and left seperated by natal cleft
  2. gluteal folds- marks the lower limit ( this transveerse skin crease doesn’t correspond with the lower limit of gluteus maximus which travels downwards obliquely and laterally
  3. greater trochanter of femur-hollow side of hip bone, a hands bredth below tubercle of illiac crest
  4. illiac crest
  5. PSIS
  6. Sacrum- lies posteriorly b/w the 2 hip bones, upper three sacral spines can be palpated in median plane, lower part of sacrum and coccyx lie on natal cleft
  7. ischial tuberosity-
  8. coccyx- slightly moblie under pressure, behind anus
  9. sacrotuberous ligament- lies deep to the lower border of gluteus maximux, b/w saccrum and ischial tuberosity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

can the sacrotuberous ligament be felt?

A

yes by applying firm pressure between the lower part of saccrum and ischial tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is nelatons line?

A

imaginary line that join ASIS and Ischial tuberosity
crosses the ip of greater trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is coxa vera

A

reduced angle between head of femur and shaft ( less that 120 degree)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

in what cases does the greater trochanter lie above nelatons line?

A
  1. coxa vera
  2. fracture in neck of femur
  3. posterior dislocation of hip joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is bryant’s triangle ?

A

it is an imaginary triangle formed by :-
1. horizontal line from ASIS
2. vertical line from tip of greater trochanter
3. and a line joining ASIS and Tip of gReater trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is supratrochantric shortening?

A

it is the shortening in the distance b/w the tip of greater trochanter the the pendicular lines in bryant’s triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what are the reasons for supratrochantric shortening?

A
  1. coxa vera
  2. fracture in neck of femur
  3. dislocation of hip joint
  4. destruction of femure or acetabulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

few points on superficial fascia of the gluteal region

A

ladden with fat, more so in females
stringy and tough over ischial tubersity to provide sufficient cushioning in sitting posture
contains cutaneous vessels lymphs and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

the cutaneous nerves of gluteal region ______________ on the gluteal region

A

converge - from all directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

the upper anterior part of gluteal region is suppplied with which branches of cutaneous nerves ?

A
  1. lateral branch of subcostal T12
  2. lateral branch of iliohypogastric L1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

the upper posterior part of gluteal region is suppplied with which branches of cutaneous nerves ?

A

posterior primary rami of spinal nerve L1-L3 and S1-S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

the lower anterior part of gluteal region is suppplied with which branches of cutaneous nerves ?

A

posterior division of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh L2,L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

the lower posterior part of gluteal region is suppplied with which branches of cutaneous nerves ?

A
  1. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh S1-S3
  2. perforating cutaneous nerve S2,S3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE is derived from

A

superior and inferior gluteal artery which are branches of internal illiac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

the lymhs of gluteal region drain into ?

A

lateral group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

in what different manner does deep fascia cover gluteus maximus and medius?

A

it is opaque, pearly white, thick and dense over gluteus mdeius and transparent of gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

deep fascia _______________________ the gluteus maximus muscle

A

splits and encloses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what are the attachments of sacrotuberous ligament

A

mediall argin of ischial tuberosity and posterior illiav spines
forms posteriolateral boundary of the pelvic outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what are the attachments of scarospinous ligament?

A

laterally to ischail spine
medially to sacrococcygeal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

location of sacrospinous ligament

A

traingular band sitated deep in the sacrotuberous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

sacrospinous ligament is also known as

A

degenerate form of coccygeal muscle

54
Q

gluteus maximus is an ?

A

anti-gravity muscle

55
Q

chief extensor muscle of thigh at hip joint?

A

gluteus maximus

56
Q

why is gluteus maximus an important muscle?

A
  1. cheid extensor
  2. important for rising from sitting position
  3. essential for maintaining erect posture
  4. supports both hip and knee joint
57
Q

gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata work together to maintain/ stabilise?

A

stabilise the knee through the iliotibial tract
supports both hip and knee when these joints are slightly flexed

58
Q

what is the most imporatnt action for gluteus medius and minimus?

A

to maintain balance and stability when the opposite foot is off the ground as in walking and running. thisbaclance is maintained by preventing the opposite side of the pelvis from tilting downwards under the influence of gravity

59
Q

from where does the tendon of obturator internus leave the pelvis?

A

lesser sciatic formen

60
Q

where and how does insertion of obturator internus take place?

A

as the tendon of obturator formin leave the pelvis , it makes a right angle from the lesser sciatic formen and move laterally to be inserted at the great trochanter of femur

61
Q

where and how does insertion of obturator externus muscle take place

A

this muscle ends in a tendon
|
|
\/
tendon moves upwards and laterally
behind neclk of femur
|
|
\/
reaches the gluteal region
|
|
\/
insertion at trochantric fossa ( medial side of greater trochanter

62
Q

structures situated deep to gluteus medius ?

A

(SDG-T)

  1. superior gluteal nerve
  2. deep branch of superiorgluteal artery
  3. gluteus minimus
  4. trochantric bursa of gluteus medius
63
Q

structures situated deep to gluteus minimus?

A

reflected head of rectus femoris
capsule of hip joint

64
Q

structures situated deep to gluteus maximus ? ( MUSCLES)

A

GGROOOP-IQ

  1. gluteus mideus
  2. gluteus minimus
  3. reflected head of rectus femoris
  4. obturator internus with the 2 gemelii
  5. obturator externus
  6. origin of 4 hamstrings
  7. piriformis
  8. insertion of pubic fibres of adductor magnus
  9. quadratis femoris
65
Q

vessels present under gluteus maximus?

A

SII-ACTT

  1. superior gluteal artery
  2. inferior gluteal artery
  3. internal pudendal vessels
  4. ascending limb of medial circumflex femoral artery
  5. cruciate anastomosis
  6. trochantric anastomoses
  7. the first perforating artery
66
Q

nerves present under gluteus maximiux?

A

SIS-PNPNP

  1. superior gluteal nerve
  2. inferior gluteal nerve
  3. sciatic nerve
  4. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
  5. nerve to quadratis femoris
  6. pudendal nerve
  7. nerve to obturator internus
  8. perforating cutaneous nerve
67
Q

origin of the 4 hamstrings is from?

A

ischial tuberosity

68
Q

the first perforating artey in the gluteal region perforates?

A

luteus maximus

69
Q

bones, joints and ligaments under the cover of gluteus maximus

A

bones-USII-C
1. upper end of femure with greater trochanter
2. saccrum
3. illium
4. ischium with ischial tuberosity
5. coccyx

joints:-
hip joint
sacroilliac joint

ligaments-SIS
1. sacrotuberous ligament
2. illiofemoral ligament
3. sacrospinoius ligament

70
Q

the bursae present under the cover of gluteus maximus

A

BTB
1. bursa over ischial tuberosity
2. trochantric bursa of gluteus maximus
3. bursa b/w gluteus maximus and vastis latralis

71
Q

what is the nerve suply of gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve - L5 S1 S2

72
Q

what is the nerve suply of gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal artery - L4, L5, S1

73
Q

what is the nerve suply of gluteus minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve L4,L5 S1

74
Q

what is the nerve suply of piriformis

A

ventral rami of S1,S2

75
Q

what is the nerve suply of gemellus superior

A

nerveto obturator internis L5,S1,S2

76
Q

what is the nerve suply of gemellus inferior

A

nerve to quadratis femoris L4,L5,S1

77
Q

what is the nerve suply of obturator internis

A

nerve to obturator internis L5,S1,S2

78
Q

what is the nerve suply of quadratis femoris

A

nerve to quadratis femoris L4,L5,S1

79
Q

what is the nerve suply of obturator externis

A

posterior division of obturator nerve L2,L3,L4

80
Q

what is the nerve suply of tensor fascia lata

A

superior gluteal nerve L4,L5,S1

81
Q

superior gluteal nerve is a branch of ?

A

lumbosacral plexus ( L4,L5,S1)

82
Q

from where does superior gluteal nerve enter gluteal region?

A

greater sciatic formen, runs b/w gluteus medius and minimus, above piriformis

83
Q

which muscles does superior gluteal nerve supply ?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae

84
Q

inferior gluteal nerve is a part of ?

A

sacral plexus

85
Q

from where does inferior gluteal nerve enter?

A

greater sciatic foramen, below piriformis

86
Q

which muscle does inferior gluteal muscle supply?

A

gluteus maximus, to whichit is fully committed

87
Q

which is the thickest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic nerve

88
Q

sciatic nerve is a branch of ?

A

it is the main continuation of sacral plexus

89
Q

from where does sciatic nerve enter the gluteal region? trace its path

A

it enters from greater sciatic foramen

it travles below piriformis, in b/w the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity and enter lower border of gluteus maximus

doesn’t give any branches in gluteal region

90
Q

posterior cutaneous nerve is a branch of?

A

sacral plexus

91
Q

from where does posterior cutaneous nerve enter gluteal region?

A

greater sciatic foramen, below piriformis, runs below medial/ posterior to sciaic nerve, continues to back of thigh- immediatelly deep to deep fascia

92
Q

posterior cutaneous nerve gives which branches ?

A

perineal and gluteal branch

93
Q

path os perineal branch of posterior cutaneous nerve

A

crosses ischial tuberosity and enters urogenital triangle perineum and supplies to skin of scrotum/ labium majus

94
Q

path of gluteal branch of posterior cutaneous nerve?

A

lower border of gluteus maximus and supplies to posterioinferior compartment of gluteal region

95
Q

nerve to quadratis femoris

A

origin from sacral lexus
enter via greater sciatic notch
runs below piriformis, downward deep to sciatic nerve, obturator internus and gemellusi
suppelies quadratis femoris, gemellus inferior and hip joint

96
Q

nerve to obturator internus

A

origin from sacral plexus
enters via greater sciatic foramen
crosses ischial spine, lateral to internal pudendal vessels to re-enter pelvis
supplies obturator internus and superior gemellus

97
Q

pudendal nerve is part of ?

A

sacral plexus

98
Q

why is only a small part of sciatic nerve seen in gluteal region?

A

cuz it enters vis greter sciatic foramen, crosses apex of sacrospinous ligament: medial to internal pudendal vessel, and then leaves gluteal region from lesser sciatic foramen

99
Q

Origin of perforating cutaneous nerve branch?

A

sacral plexus

100
Q

which part does perforating cutaneous nerve pierce/ perforate?

A

sacrotuberous ligament, winds round lower border of gluteus maximus

101
Q

perforating cutaneous nerve supply?

A

posterioinferior quadrant of gluteal region

102
Q

superior gluteal artery is a branch of?

A

posterior divison of internal illiac artery

103
Q

from where does superior gluteal artery enter the pelvis?

A

greater sciatic foramen, above piriformis, along superior gluteal nerve

104
Q

branches of superior gluteal artery g

A

divides into superficial and deep branches

superficial supplies to gluteus maximus

105
Q

gluteus maximus is supplies by which artery?

A

superficial branch of superior gluteal artery

106
Q

deep branch of superior gluteal artery divides into?

A

superior divison and inferior divison

107
Q

what happens to inferior divison of deep branch of superior gluteal artery?

A

froms trochantric anastomoses

108
Q

what happens to inferior divison of deep branch of superior gluteal artery?

A

froms trochantric anastomoses

109
Q

what happens to superficial division of deep branch of superior gluteal artery?

A

travels between gluteus medius and inimus
ends at ASIS in spinous anastomoses

110
Q

inferior gluteal artery is a branch of whichartery? trace its path.

A

branch of anterior division of internal illiac artery

enters via greater sciatic foramen
|
|
v
below piriformis along with inferior gluteal nerve

111
Q

wwhat are the branches of inferior gluteal artery?

A
  1. cutaneous branches
  2. muscular branches to gluteal muscles
  3. articular branches to hip joint
  4. anastomotic branches to cruciate and trochantric anastomoses
  5. arteria nervi ischiadici
112
Q

what is arteria nervi ischiadici?

A

artery to sciatic nerve,
represents axial artery to lower limb
coccygeal branch to supply area over coccyx

113
Q

internal pudendal artery is a branch of?

A

anterior division of internal illiac artery

114
Q

from where does internal pudendal artery enter the pelvis? trace its path

A

greater sciatic foramen

crosses ischial spine and leaves the gluteal region via lesser sciatic foramen
has a very short course

115
Q

where is trochantric anastomosis located?

A

near trochantric fossa

116
Q

chief source of arterial supply to head of femur is ?

A

trochantric anastomosis

117
Q

trochantric anastomosis is formed by which branches/ arteries?

A
  1. inferior division of deep branch of superior gluteal aretery
  2. ascending branch of medial circumflex femoral artery
  3. ascending branch of lateral circumfles femoral artery
  4. inferior gluteal artery
118
Q

cruciate anastomoses froms collateral circulation between branches of?? locations ?

A

external and internal illiac artery ( femoral artery —-> profunda femoris artery)

located in upper part of back of femur

119
Q

which brances form cruciate anastomosis?

A
  1. superiorly- inferior gluteal artery
  2. inferiorly- ascending branch of 1st perforating artery
  3. medially - transverse branch of medial circumflex femoral artery
  4. laterally- transverse branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
120
Q

what are the structures passing through the gateway of gluteal region ( geater sciatic foramen)?

A

piriformis covers/fills almost the entire foramen area, so:-

structures passing above piriformis–> 1. superior gluteal nerve
2. superior gluteal vessels

structures passing below piriformis–> 1. pudendal nerve
2. internal puendal vessels
3. inferior gluteal vessels
4. inferior gluteal nerve
5. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
6. sciatic nerve
7. nerve to obturator internus
8. nerve to quadratis femoris

121
Q

what are the structures passing through lesser sciatic foramen?

A
  1. pudendal nerve
  2. internal pudendal vessels
  3. nerve to obturator internis
  4. tendon of obturator internis

PIN-T

122
Q

what happens when gluteus maximus muscle becomes paralysed d/t muscular dystrophy?

A

person can’t get up from a sitting position

123
Q

where and why is the preferred site of intramuscluar injections in gluteal region?

A

in the upper lateral part of gluteus medius
to avoid injury to the lower underlying vessels and nerves

124
Q

what is positive grower’s sign?

A

that gluteal region is a very big area over illiac bones

125
Q

trendelenburg’s sign occurs d/t?

A

paralysis of gluteus medius and minimus

126
Q

sciatic nerve block is done by ?

A

injecting anaesthetic to line joining midpoint of PSIS and upper head of greater trochanter

127
Q

how does sciatic nerve compression occur?

A

sciatic nerve lies n the femur for a short disctance —–> b/w lower border of quadratis femoris and upper borfer of addcutor magnus

nerve could get compressed at this sight while sitting —-> sleeping foot

128
Q

what is piriformis syndrome?

A

when sciatic nerve gets compressed by piriformis —-> pain in buttocks

129
Q

gluteus maximus contains_________ fibers

A

red

130
Q

sciatic nerve and its branches supply?

A

4 hamstrings
muscles of sole
muscles of compartment of leg

131
Q

lesser sciatic foramen is gateway of?

A

perineal region

lower limb (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions