Sole Of Foot

Question 1

Deep fascia of sole is known as

Answer 1

Plantar fascia

Question 2

Name the three parts of deep fascia and what is it made of.

Answer 2

Medial, central and lateral.
Medial and lateral are thin.
Central part is thick and forms plantar aponeurosis.
Deep fascia of sole is made of compact collagen fibre which are arranged longitudinally in plantar aponeurosis and transversely in medial and lateral plantar fasciae.

Question 3

Extend of plantar aponeurosis

Answer 3

It extend from medial tubercle of calcaneum to head of metatarsal bones.

Question 4

Extend of plantar aponeurosis

Answer 4

It extend from medial tubercle of calcaneum to head of metatarsal bones.

Question 5

Plantar fascitis and calcaneal spur

Answer 5

The plantar aponeurosis is stretched during standing position.
Hence tear or inflammation (plantar fascitis) can happen in people do a great deal of standing or walking.
This reflect as pain in the sole especially in the heals.
Repeated attack of plantar fascitis can cause calcification in the posterior attachment of plantar aponeurosis causing calcaneal spur

Question 6

How many intrinsic and extrinsic muscles in the foot

Answer 6

18 intrinsic and 4 extrinsic muscles

Question 7

Neurovascular planes of sole

Answer 7

2 neurovascular planes.
Superficial neurovascular plane between 1st and 2nd layer. It contains trunk of medial and lateral plantar nerves and artery.
Deep neurovascular plane between 3rd and 4th layer. It contains deep branches of lateral plantar nerve and artery.

Question 8

Muscles in first layer of sole

Answer 8

Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis.

Question 9

Muscles in second layer of sole

Answer 9

Flexor digitorum accessorius
Four lumbricals
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

Question 10

Muscles of third layer

Answer 10

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 11

Muscles of fourth layer of sole

Answer 11

3 plantar interossei and 4 dorsal interossei.
Tendon of tibialis posterior
Tendon of peroneus longus

Question 12

Root value of medial plantar nerve

Answer 12

L4 L5

Question 13

Medial plantar nerve is also known as

Answer 13

Preaxial nerve of foot.

Question 14

Origin and course of medial plantar nerve

Answer 14

It is the larger terminal branch of tibial nerve.
Begins deep to flexor retinaculum.
It passes forward between adductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis.
It is accompanied by medial plantar artery in its medial side.

Question 15

Branches and distribution of medial plantar nerve

Answer 15

Muscular branches to 4 muscles
Cutaneous branches to skin of medial 3 1/2 toes and larger medial part of sole.
Articular branches to the joint of tarsus and metatarsus.

Question 16

Medial plantar nerve entrapment.

Answer 16

Medial plantar nerve may be compressed deep to flexor retinaculum or deep to abductor hallucis because of repetitive eversion of foot.
Clinically it represent as burning, numbness and parasthesia in medial part of sole and region of navicular tuberosity.

This condition mainly happens in runners hence called jogger’s foot.