Back Of Leg Flashcards
Course and supply of saphenous nerve
It pierces the deep fascia and pass along with great saphenous vein.
It supplies medial side of knee leg and medial border of foot up to ball of big toe
Course and supply of medial cutaneous nerve of thigh
It pierces the deep fascia a little above the knee.
It supplies uppermost part of medial one third of calf
Most preferred nerve for grafting
Sural nerve
Flexor retinaculum of foot
It is thick broad band of deep fascia that is present in medial side of ankle behind and below medial maleolus.
Attachment of flexor retinaculum of foot
Anteriorly or above: posterior border and tip of medial maleolus
Posteriorly or below: medial process of calcaneal tuberosity.
Structure passing deep to flexor retinaculum of foot
The doctors are not here
Tendon of tibialis posterior
Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Tibial artery and it’s branches
Tibial nerve and it’s terminal branches
Tendon of extensor hallucis longus
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
If tibial nerve is compressed deep to flexor retinaculum it creates a condition known as tarsal tunnel syndrome.
Burning pain and tingling sensation in the sole of foot.
Nerve of posterior compartment of leg
Tibial nerve
Arteries of posterior compartment of leg
Posterior tibial and peroneal arteries
Gastrocnemius
Origin
Lateral head: lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
Medial head: posterosuperior surface of medial femoral condyle behind adductor tubercle. Adjoining popliteal surface of femur.
Insertion
Both head fuse to form a belly at middle of leg and forms an aponeuratic tendon. Which fuses with the tendon of soleus a short distance below the middle of leg to form long thick tendon - tendenocalcaneus or achilles tendon.
Nerve
Tibial nerve
Action
Plantar Flexion when knee is extended
Flexes leg at knee joint.
Tennis leg
Painful calf injury
Tear or strain in the medial head of gastrocnemius at its musculotendinous junction due to overstretching.
It happens mainly in tennis players
Largest and most superficial muscle of posterior compartment
Gastrocnemius
Origin of soleus
Posterior surface of head of fibula
Posterior surface of upper 1/4th of shaft of fibula
Tendinous arch connecting tibia and fibula
Soleal line and middle 1/3rd of medial surface of tibia
Insertion of soleus
As tendenocalcaneous to the middle 1/3rd of posterior surface of calcaneum
Nerve supply of soleus
It is supplied by two branches of tibial nerve
First branch supplies the muscle in popliteal fossa in its superficial surface
Second branch supplies the muscle in posterior compartment of leg at its deep surface.
Action of soleus
Plantar Flexion of ankle independent of position of knee
Steadies the leg on foot during standing.
Calf muscle pump
Gastrocnemius and soleus together make the calf muscle pump which facilitates the venous return from lower limb.
Peripheral heart
Soleus houses large venous sinuses called soleal sinuses which communicate with superficial veins by perforating it and deep veins directly.
Thus contraction of soleus helps in sucking blood from superficial veins and propelling it to deep veins.
Rupture of calcaneal tendon
Due to overstretching of heel during gymnastics, forceful plantar Flexion of heel or fall from height.
Partial or complete rupture of Achilles tendon just above heel causes inability to raise the foot.
Plantaris
Origin
Lower part of lateral supracondylar line
Oblique popliteal ligament
Insertion
Middle one third of posterior surface of calcaneus.
Nerve
Tibial nerve
Action
Weak plantar Flexion of ankle.
Speciality of origin of popliteus
Intracapsular but extrasynovial
