Solar system

Question 1

how many planets are in the solar system

Answer 1

8

Question 2

what are the planets in order

Answer 2

Mercury
venus
earth
mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Question 3

what is are 3 examples of natural satellites

Answer 3

the moon
planets
commets

Question 4

what were the 2 ideas about how the universe was structured

Answer 4

geocentric
heliocentric

Question 5

what is the geocentric model

Answer 5

where the earth was in the centre and everything else orbited around it

Question 6

what is the heliocentric model

Answer 6

where everything orbits the sun

Question 7

what 6 structures make up our solar system

Answer 7

Sun
Eight planets
natural satellites
dwarf planets
asteroids
comets

Question 8

what makes objects orbit

Answer 8

smaller objects will orbit around bodies of much higher mass and gravity

Question 9

what are artificial satellites

Answer 9

satellites that have been manufactured on Earth and launched into orbit using rockets

Question 10

what are the 2 types of artificial satellites

Answer 10

geostationary
low polar orbits

Question 11

what are geostationary satellites used for

Answer 11

used for GPS

Question 12

what are low polar orbits used for

Answer 12

weather monitoring, military, spying, observation purposes

Question 13

what shape is the orbit of a comet

Answer 13

highly elliptical

Question 14

explain why comets have their orbit shape

Answer 14

as a comet travels towards the sun, it accelerates as it moves towards the sun and slower as it moves away

Question 15

which planet has a higher orbital speed, earth or Jupiter

Answer 15

earth

Question 16

what are the 2 theories for the birth and evolution of the universe

Answer 16

big band theory
steady-state theory

Question 17

what is the Big Bang theory

Answer 17

it states that the whole universe started as a tiny particle about 13.8 billion years ago and that it has been expanding from this point ever since

Question 18

what is the steady state theory

Answer 18

sats that the universe has always existed and is making new matter as it expands

Question 19

what is the redshift

Answer 19

when objects that emit light are moving away from us the light is red-shifted, which means the wavelengths are stretched (move towards the longer red waves). the faster objects are moving away from us the more red-shifted the light will ne

Question 20

how does the redshift support the Big Bang theory

Answer 20

it shows that objects are constantly moving away from us and that the universe is expanding

Question 21

what does CMB stand for

Answer 21

cosmic microwave background

Question 22

what is CMB

Answer 22

is the “echo” of the Big Bang. this radiation would have been scorching and intense at the time of the big band. however, over this radiation would have cooled and is not very weak and has a temperature close to absolute 0

Question 23

how does CMB support the Big Bang Theory

Answer 23

it shows that the energy was released from a big bang at the start of the universe and is detected everywhere

Question 24

what is the Doppler effect

Answer 24

when the frequency and wavelength of a sound is changed due to the movement of the source

Question 25

explain the Doppler effect

Answer 25

when a wave source is, moving relative to an observer there is a change in the sound. for example the siren of a police car.
- as the car moves towards you the sound waves will be compressed making the frequency higher
- as the car passes you, the wavelength will be stretched giving it a lower frequency

Question 26

what factor affects the life stages of a star

Answer 26

their mass

Question 27

what is a nebula

Answer 27

a cloud of dust and hydrogen gas in space

Question 28

explain the life cycle of low mass star in 4 steps

Answer 28

1. a nebula is pulled inwards by the force of gravity causing the dust and gas to contract and get hotter
2. eventually the dust and gas get hot enough for the hydrogen nuclei to fuse into helium nuclei, this is a main sequence star
3. when the hydrogen gas runs out the star will expand and become a red giant which will start creating heavier elements
4. eventually once all the fusion stops due to elements being used up the star will collapse to form a white dwarf

Question 29

explain the different stages of life a high-mass star will take unlike a low-mass one

Answer 29

1. it will follow the same first stages but each stage will be shorter
2. when the hydrogen is used up if forms a red supergiant
3. after fusion stops the star will explode with a supernova
   
   • if what remains after the supernova is less than 4 times the mass four sun, it will b
     pulled together by gravity to form a very small dense star called a neutron
     star
   • however, larger remains from black holes

Question 30

what are 4 advancements that have allowed us to observe the universe better

Answer 30

• greater magnification
• can take photos
• more precise telescopes
• telescopes can detect the EM waves

Question 31

how has having a greater magnification affected our ability to observe the universe

Answer 31

can observe galaxies that are further away

Question 32

how has having the ability to take photos affected our ability to observe the universe

Answer 32

we can gather more data

Question 33

how has having a greater precision affected our ability to observe the universe

Answer 33

we can get clearer images

Question 34

how has having telescopes that can detect other EM waves affected our ability to observe the universe

Answer 34

we can pobserve objects in space that emith more radio waves, infrared, ultraviolet or xrays than visible light

Question 35

why can some EM waves not be detected from earth

Answer 35

they are absorbed by the atmosphere