Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics Paper 1 > Solar system > Flashcards

Solar system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

how many planets are in the solar system

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the planets in order

A

Mercury
venus
earth
mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is are 3 examples of natural satellites

A

the moon
planets
commets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what were the 2 ideas about how the universe was structured

A

geocentric
heliocentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the geocentric model

A

where the earth was in the centre and everything else orbited around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the heliocentric model

A

where everything orbits the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 6 structures make up our solar system

A

Sun
Eight planets
natural satellites
dwarf planets
asteroids
comets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what makes objects orbit

A

smaller objects will orbit around bodies of much higher mass and gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are artificial satellites

A

satellites that have been manufactured on Earth and launched into orbit using rockets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 2 types of artificial satellites

A

geostationary
low polar orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are geostationary satellites used for

A

used for GPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are low polar orbits used for

A

weather monitoring, military, spying, observation purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what shape is the orbit of a comet

A

highly elliptical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explain why comets have their orbit shape

A

as a comet travels towards the sun, it accelerates as it moves towards the sun and slower as it moves away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which planet has a higher orbital speed, earth or Jupiter

A

earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 2 theories for the birth and evolution of the universe

A

big band theory
steady-state theory

17
Q

what is the Big Bang theory

A

it states that the whole universe started as a tiny particle about 13.8 billion years ago and that it has been expanding from this point ever since

18
Q

what is the steady state theory

A

sats that the universe has always existed and is making new matter as it expands

19
Q

what is the redshift

A

when objects that emit light are moving away from us the light is red-shifted, which means the wavelengths are stretched (move towards the longer red waves). the faster objects are moving away from us the more red-shifted the light will ne

20
Q

how does the redshift support the Big Bang theory

A

it shows that objects are constantly moving away from us and that the universe is expanding

21
Q

what does CMB stand for

A

cosmic microwave background

22
Q

what is CMB

A

is the “echo” of the Big Bang. this radiation would have been scorching and intense at the time of the big band. however, over this radiation would have cooled and is not very weak and has a temperature close to absolute 0

23
Q

how does CMB support the Big Bang Theory

A

it shows that the energy was released from a big bang at the start of the universe and is detected everywhere

24
Q

what is the Doppler effect

A

when the frequency and wavelength of a sound is changed due to the movement of the source

25
Q

explain the Doppler effect

A

when a wave source is, moving relative to an observer there is a change in the sound. for example the siren of a police car.
- as the car moves towards you the sound waves will be compressed making the frequency higher
- as the car passes you, the wavelength will be stretched giving it a lower frequency

26
Q

what factor affects the life stages of a star

A

their mass

27
Q

what is a nebula

A

a cloud of dust and hydrogen gas in space

28
Q

explain the life cycle of low mass star in 4 steps

A
  1. a nebula is pulled inwards by the force of gravity causing the dust and gas to contract and get hotter
  2. eventually the dust and gas get hot enough for the hydrogen nuclei to fuse into helium nuclei, this is a main sequence star
  3. when the hydrogen gas runs out the star will expand and become a red giant which will start creating heavier elements
  4. eventually once all the fusion stops due to elements being used up the star will collapse to form a white dwarf
29
Q

explain the different stages of life a high-mass star will take unlike a low-mass one

A
  1. it will follow the same first stages but each stage will be shorter
  2. when the hydrogen is used up if forms a red supergiant
  3. after fusion stops the star will explode with a supernova
    • if what remains after the supernova is less than 4 times the mass four sun, it will b
      pulled together by gravity to form a very small dense star called a neutron
      star
    • however, larger remains from black holes
30
Q

what are 4 advancements that have allowed us to observe the universe better

A
  • greater magnification
  • can take photos
  • more precise telescopes
  • telescopes can detect the EM waves
31
Q

how has having a greater magnification affected our ability to observe the universe

A

can observe galaxies that are further away

32
Q

how has having the ability to take photos affected our ability to observe the universe

A

we can gather more data

33
Q

how has having a greater precision affected our ability to observe the universe

A

we can get clearer images

34
Q

how has having telescopes that can detect other EM waves affected our ability to observe the universe

A

we can pobserve objects in space that emith more radio waves, infrared, ultraviolet or xrays than visible light

35
Q

why can some EM waves not be detected from earth

A

they are absorbed by the atmosphere

Physics Paper 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions